The picture displayed here above with the Africa Clock is the time and period of professional endeavors dating some years ago.
During that time, I organized in Oakland, California, the First International Conference on Africa and AGOA in the mid-1990s during the Clinton Presidential Administration.
The East Bay Center for International Trade Development was the Host of such an African Event attended by the top brass of African and African-American Communities.
I invited Dr. Babacar Ndiaye [Rahma wa Ghofrane fi Firdousse Naim Ameen], who is holding my right and left hands is Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, 5th president of the AfDB from 1985 to 1995, who is known for having transformed the Bank into a “Triple A” institution, a rating it still holds today. He supported the creation of many African institutions such as the African Export-Import Bank, Shelter Afrique, and the African Business Roundtable.
The picture with Dr. Babacar Ndiaye was taken at the Conference Room of the Claremont Hotel, Oakland, where the International Conference on Africa and AGOA took place. On my right hand is Dr. Faheem Executive Director of East Bay Small Business Development and East Bay Center for International Trade Development (EBSBC and EBCITD), Oakland and San Francisco Bay.
At the EBSBC and the EBCITD, I worked as a Senior Consultant and Business Consultant from 1993 to 2001 and from 2003 to 2007, respectively with the following Executive Director Selma Taylor, Fazale Sharif, and Dr. James Garrett.
Needs additional information or have inquiries on Africa and AGOA, please send an email to:
★ International Conference on African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Forum ★ By Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ★
In my presentation on AGOA in Africa, I emphasized the relation of North Saharan Countries which I analyzed as a regional bloc that extend from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Senegal given the common historical ties and our common cultural background which Mauretania has been the direct link and the bridge between these Saharan Countries. My selection and choice of this region of North Sahara Africa also was my desire to celebrate the presence of Dr. Babacar Ndiaye who is of Senegalese Descent.
When I met with Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, I explained him the inclusion of Senegal in my presentation and he was eluded that I have understood such commonality between Senegal, Morocco and the rest of the countries of Northern Sahara.
I have also added that my acquaintances in France during my studies were all from Senegal and the Sahel region given our means and ways of living and eating that are common, including the preparation of the Couscous and the Rice. We could not agree more when it comes to our cultural tastes and our appetites for African flavored goodies and delicacies.
The AfDB pays tribute to late President Babacar Ndiaye
The African Development Bank (AfDB) will pay tribute to honor its former President, late Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, on Thursday 21 September 2017, from 10.30 am to 12.30 pm at the Bank’s Headquarters.
Under the aegis of Dr. Akinwumi Adesina, President of the AfDB, the tribute ceremony will gather high level guests including former Heads of State, former AfDB Presidents and Ambassadors among others.
Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, 5th president of the AfDB from 1985 to 1995, is known for having transformed the Bank into a “Triple A” institution, a rating it still holds today. He supported the creation of many African institutions such as the African Export-Import Bank, Shelter Afrique, the African Business Roundtable. He also played a prominent role in opening up the Bank to the private sector.
The tribute aims at celebrating the life and achievements of former AfDB President, Dr. Babacar Ndiaye who passed away on 13 July 2017.
Les Start-ups Africaines Assiste-t-elles à un Dégel des Investissements ?
Email: saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com
Au cours des trois derniers mois, les start-ups africaines ont levé près de 600 millions de dollars (environ 537 millions d’euros) et ce troisième trimestre de 2024 marque un record pour l’année en cours.
Un signe et un montant qui s’apparentent à un début de reprise des levées de fonds dans le monde de la tech du continent. Supérieurs de 100 millions de dollars à ceux de la même période l’an dernier, ces chiffres confirment la correction du marché, après les envolées de 2021 et 2022. En tout, ce sont 44 start-ups qui ont levé des sommes égales ou supérieures à 1 million de dollars entre juillet et septembre.
2024, pas une année record. Si ces chiffres sont encourageants, car il montre un début de tendance haussière, ils ne permettront cependant pas de réaliser de progrès notables par rapport à l’année dernière :
Les levées de fonds de 2024 ne vont pas dépasser les 2,9 milliards de dollars de 2023.
Et, donc, de dépasser les très bons chiffres de 2022, qui avait vu les start-ups africaines parvenir à lever 4,6 milliards de dollars. « Pour la première fois depuis la mi-2022, les start-ups ont levé plus de fonds au cours des quatre derniers trimestres qu’au cours de la période précédente. Si la croissance est modeste, on peut espérer qu’elle constitue un premier signe avant-coureur de la croissance future de l’écosystème », précise à JA Max Cuvellier Giacomelli, co-fondateur de la plateforme Africa.
The Big Deal, qui suit les opérations de levées de fonds de potentielles futures licornes africaines.
For the last 3 years, we have written about reports stating fraud from the time when it was listed as an entity on the New Times Stock Exchange (NYSE). These among other things were considered false claims and presentations as well as manipulations of the amounts of deliveries, the amount of returns, and the amount of sales even encompassing, Jumia’s daily operations in the streets of the African cities crossed by the motorcycles of independent delivery staff that Jumia called “Consultants.” Jumia has not been able to quell this mismanagement at every level of its own internal and external organizational structure.
Jumia has also presented its identity as an African company which in reality turned out to be a German Baby Trying to look and behave as African. The departure of the top African Leaders and their replacement by European-based leaders had increased the dichotomy existing between the claims and the reality of the leadership as well as the role of Jumia within African communities.
Apparent efforts were made by the Jumia communication Department to bridge the gap by developing actions that were promoted as contributions to the local communities, including the distribution of masks during the Covid-19 and the recent agreement with Star Link to expand the outreach of the internet in rural areas [Jumia: Rural areas a critical segment within our addressable market (CNBC Africa – December 5, 2023)].
Such coverage is not philanthropic given that the next alternative strategy pursued by the new CEO is that one of the targets for the expansion of sales by Jumia. The unserviced rural areas are the next move, the next “El Dorado” and the substitute for the crowded competition existing in the African cities and urban areas. This is the new plan in Nigeria which is considered actually as the prime market for Jumia.
“According to the company, the goal of the cities’ activation is to expand the brand beyond Lagos and ensure it is perceived as a true Nigerian company. […] Read more in this corresponding article:
Case Study of “African” Startup: Jumia is Feedup with Africa Goat Soup Fou Fou Food Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D. December 30, 2023
Said Cherkaoui 24 – Jumia the Tree with No African Roots that Hides the Jungle of Startups in Africa For the last 3 years, we have written about reports stating fraud from the time when it was listed as an entity on the New Times Stock Exchange (NYSE). These among other things were considered false claims and presentations as … Continue reading
Africa Tech Destiny: Safari and Sahara Startups
Publications by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui on Startups
Global Fintech Funding and Rounds from Q1 2022 to Q2 2023
EMEA Fintech Funding takes the largest dive YoY in H1 2023, compared to other regions
Africa has over half a billion mobile money accounts and it is the largest and fastest-growing fintech segment on the continent
Egypt, Iran, and Saudi Arabia technically have the largest addressable market sizes for fintech across the MENA region
Enonchong says African e-commerce is a very difficult and expensive market to get into. While Western e-commerce rests on the assumption that the post office will deliver to all points, that is often not the case in Africa. “You have to build your distribution network.”
Other e-commerce operations have crashed and burned, including:
Jumia’s Nigerian rival Konga, which was taken over by Zinox Technologies in 2018 after firing 60% of its staff in 2017;
CFAO, the francophone Africa distributor, which suspended its online “Africashop”;
Naspers, which has twice withdrawn from the Kenyan market.
Related Vectors of African Startup
Continuously updated with new inputs and trends
For Better or Worse Emergent Technologies Changing Africa!
COVID-19 induced a global e-commerce boom, but Africa accounted for less than 3% of e-commerce activity.
Supporting African multilateralism: Gradual implementation of the AfCFTA
An ambitious initiative offering opportunities for worldwide businesses
Bringing together 54 signatory states among the continent’s 55, the AfCFTA aims to create the world’s largest free trade zone, representing a market of 1.3 billion consumers.
✈️ African Continental Free Trade Area
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is expected to transform African economies and lead to an increase in intraregional trade and inward investment. There is much progress in negotiations but the ultimate benefits depend on the way AfCFTA commitments are implemented. National AfCFTA Implementation Committees (NICs) can help in this endeavor.
The year 2023 is the African Union (AU) Year of Acceleration of AfCFTA Implementation. In line with the Decision of the 31st Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union (the AU Assembly), held on 1–2 July 2018 in Nouakchott, Mauritania, Member States are required to set up NICs to facilitate implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement.
The primary objective is to boost intra-African trade. “Intra-African trade currently represents only 15% of the continent’s total trade, compared with 58% in Asia and 67% in Europe” (source: UN). The World Bank estimates that the implementation of the AfCFTA will boost intra-African trade volumes by 52.3% by 2025, as well as revenues for Africa and the rest of the world.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui November 14, 2023 – Economic integration involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and… Read More
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui August 26, 2023 – At the time of the writing of this document, Her Excellency Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa was… Read More
First, AfCFTA implementation structures will need to be designed in ways that align well with existing trade negotiations and implementation structures. Second, the AfCFTA is not only a Free Trade Agreement but also a trade strategy involving a range of complementary instruments that address implementation, monitoring, payment systems, adjustment, and industrial policy.
This has led to much interest in Member States in what effective NICs look like and what they do. The role of the AfCFTA Secretariat in supporting the formation and operation of NICs is paramount. Two features associated with the AfCFTA project are important for implementation.
This briefing, aimed at the AfCFTA community concerned with implementing the AfCFTA, identifies appropriate institutional forms for NICs as well as 10 core functions that effective implementation agencies will carry out. It also outlines a potential five-step AfCFTA template for effective NIC formation and operation.
From negotiations to implementation: Building Effective AfCFTA National Implementation Committees
The African Union’s observations on the AfCFTA augur well for sectoral opportunities for businesses worldwide. Indeed, the institution behind the AfCFTA has made a number of recommendations to ensure that the initiative is properly implemented and achieves its stated projections.
According to the African Union, massive investment will be required in many sectors of African economies. The first and foremost need announced is for investment in improving the continent’s infrastructure. This financing requirement has been identified at between 130 and 170 billion dollars per year (source: AU), and the African Union is calling on governments to give priority to partnerships with the private sector and the transfer of technology on a global scale to modernize infrastructures.
On a sectoral level, opportunities have been identified in manufacturing, a sector that still contributes too little to Africa’s GDP, but whose growth forecasts have tripled following the implementation of the AfCFTA. The African Union particularly insisted on the priority of developing certain sectoral industries such as agro-processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, green technologies, and mineral processing.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui August 9, 2023 – African leaders have suddenly become believers in the benefits of international trade liberalism which have… Read More
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui October 15, 2021 – Moroccan Minister of African Integration Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – October 15. 2021 Africa: Moroccan Diplomacy… Read More
Finally, particular attention is to pay to digital trade and all the technologies that are revolutionizing the way we do business today. Fintech solutions, mobile money and other digital tools for commerce are developing rapidly on the continent and require further investment and innovation.
Economic Integration and Eco-Financial Digitalization of Africa
Startups in Morocco and in many African countries still face a few challenges. The major one is the lack of a pipeline of talented engineers and business course-related graduates. Startups have been forced to settle for less impressive talent because they can not compete with the pull of more established traditional companies.
🌎🌐🌍 What You Need to Learn and to Know?
Pre-seed to Exit program is designed for entrepreneurs looking to acquire direct experience in: Developing a plan for an investable project Accurately
Executive Leadership Development Programs for Success Entrepreneurial thinking, innovation and new technologies
In 2021, the combined GDP of the 54 African countries was less than 15% of the GDP of the United States. The continent is made up of many relatively small countries, economies and markets, which is a disadvantage on the global stage, where countries with huge populations and GDPs wield the most influence.
Deeper economic integration in Africa paves the way for shared prosperity and greater global influence. Regional integration, similar to that of the European Union, has been cited as a key element in creating stability, fostering the growth of economies, improving market efficiency, sharing the costs of major infrastructure projects and ensuring peace and safety. And as the world becomes more digital every day, digital integration is essential for successful regional integration.
In this context, “digital integration” refers to the creation of shared systems and standard rules for digitalization across Africa. This involves digital cooperation, particularly in the areas of finance, governance and security. In practice, digital integration will include concepts such as a harmonized digital financial system, consistent laws across the continent for digital activities, and shared regulatory technology such as identity verification, e-taxation, and business registration systems. in Africa.
Partnerships with the private sector, building interoperable systems, and attention to electrical and Internet infrastructure are three key ideas that could help accelerate this digital integration.
The last decade has seen the optimism of Africa Rising give way to concerns of stagnation, debt, conflict and food insecurity. Yet many of Africa’s economies have continued to grow. African tech attracts large amounts of capital and the continent’s commitment to creating a single market has resulted in many other countries paying Africa unprecedented attention, creating opportunities to attract more investment. How can African countries steer the right diplomatic and economic course; manage the energy transition effectively and also create the economic conditions to ensure that its young, fast-rising populations find jobs to fulfil their own aspirations and contribute to their nations’ development?
Gather a prestigious line-up of businesses, policymakers and thought leaders from Africa and around the world for serious and productive discussion about the Africa continent’s challenges and aspirations.
77% of in-person attendees in 2023 were CEO, Managing Director, Vice President or Director level meaning you are amongst top decision-makers
An opportunity to establish new relationships and strengthen existing ties through the summit dinner, drinks reception and networking lunch
You’ll be joining a prestigious business community from across Africa and beyond
Here are some economic and investment summits in Africa:
2023 BRICS Summit: South Africa hosted the BRICS Summit.
Financial Times Africa Summit: A one-day event for business leaders, politicians, and financiers.
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit: Built on shared values to foster new economic engagement.
Third Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit: Held in 2021.
India-Africa Forum Summit: Last held in 2015.
Other summits include:
Shaping Africa’s Future: Geopolitics. Business. Sustainability.: Brings together people from policy, business, and academia from African and European countries.
Some characteristics of African economic development include:
Economic growth coexists with severe poverty.
Considerable disparities between regions and countries.
Resource exploitation and economic diversification are both being pursued.
In 2023, Africa’s economy slowed to 3.3 percent from 4 percent in 2022. Growth is expected to rebound to 4 percent in 2024.
The Importance of Economic Summit in Africa
By Shirley Ze Yu is Director of the China-Africa Initiative at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at LSE, and senior practitioner fellow at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School.
Economic and investment summits are important for the economic development of every country in the world. The purpose of an economic summit or forum is to position stewardship at the heart of investment decision-making by facilitating dialogue, creating long-term solutions, and enhancing value.[1]Participants can discuss a wide range of subjects including investments, trends in the financial industry, market opportunities in the investment industry, good practices, and related topics. Other objectives of economic and investment summits include the following:
Providing a global platform for engagement and dialogue on emerging and key issues related to investing for sustainable development.[2]
Advancing projects to bankable stage, by effective project preparation as well as efficient transaction advisory services that advances deals in the Africa Investment Forum pipeline.[3]
Helping Africa finance its economic development projects and agenda.
Promoting and facilitate global trade between Africa and the rest of the world.
Creating a solid platform for the African diaspora to contribute to the development of the continent.
The significance of economic and investment summits is undeniable. Africa has a huge need of capital investment necessary to compete in the global economy. The continent is largely underdeveloped in a variety of sectors. Therefore, the promotion of capital investment remains a gigantic alternative to close this gap and advance Africa economically.
US-Africa Leaders’ Summit
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit
A general view during the U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C. on Tuesday, December 13, 2022 (U.S. Department of State)
The US-Africa Leaders’ Summit is another major international forum to be considered. It was born on August 4-6, 2014. President Barack Obama initiated this great program to consolidate ties with African nations based on clear principles such equal respect, mutual interests, and common values. For the United States, it represents a unique opportunity to build solid rapports with their African counterparts on several fronts: economic, political, diplomatic, geopolitical, and security. Since its inception in 2014 under President Barack Obama’s presidency, the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit has yielded several great fruits. For example, the 2022 Summit aims to:
Better foster new economic engagement;
Reinforce the U.S.-Africa commitment to democracy and human rights;
Mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and of future pandemics;
Work collaboratively to strengthen regional and global health;
Africa represents a great opportunity for both the US and the world. The Summit offers excellent pathways to tackle the challenges African nations face. The Summit provides the US with an open opportunity to engage directly with African leaders, including political leaders, business officials, entrepreneurs, and the diaspora. It also engages with major institutions on the continent such the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and many more.
Forum on China – Africa Cooperation
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was established in 2000 as a uni-multilateral partnership platform between China and 53 African states.[2] Like any other summits, the FOCAC is a platform economic cooperation, diplomatic exchange, security relations development, and social interactions between China and Africa. The forum has a clear objective and operating mechanism: to forge a new partnership with Africa and become the world’s most great power by 2049.
The New Africa-France Summit
The aim of this event, with a new format, new actors and new themes to address new challenges is strengthen the bonds between France and Africa.[3] Through this summit, France attempts to reshape its relationship with Africa in several domains: economy, security, business, culture, and politics.
Example of Economic and Investments Summits in Africa
There exist several economic and investment summits in Africa. They include: Nigerian Economic Summit, Africa Investment Forum, Africa Economic Conference, Invest in Africa Summit, Invest in Africa Connect, and Corporate Council on Africa U.S.-Africa Business Summit. Summits are organized by both African leaders, world investors, and governments.
1. The Nigerian Economic Summit
The Nigerian Economic Summit is a partnership between the Nigerian Economic Summit Group and Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget, and National Planning. The first Nigerian Economic Summit was held from February 18-20, 1993. It was held to build a dialogue an economic dialogue between the public and private sector in Nigeria. Since that first Summit, the Nigerian Economic Summit Group, a private sector led think tank, has organized the annual Nigerian Economic Summit in partnership with the Federal Government of Nigeria.
2. Africa Investment Forum
The Africa Investment Forum is Africa’s investment marketplace, championed by the African Development Bank and its partners, to accelerate the closure of the continent’s investment gaps. The Africa Investment Forum operates as a multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary platform dedicated to advancing projects to bankable stages, raising capital, and (c) accelerating the financial closure of deals. It is by far one of the most important economic and investment platforms on the African continent.
Figure: The Africa Investment Forum
Source: African Financial Development Bank, 2022.
A flagship initiative of the African Development Bank, the Forum was launched in 2018 with seven other founding partners: Africa 50; the Africa Finance Corporation; the African Export-Import Bank; the Development Bank of Southern Africa; the Trade and Development Bank; the European Investment Bank; and the Islamic Development Bank.
The Africa Investment Forum vision translates into three reinforcing objectives:
Advancing projects to bankable stage, by effective project preparation as well as efficient transaction advisory services that advances deals in the Africa Investment Forum pipeline;
Capital raising to mobilize partners and investors, especially institutional investors, for increased co-financing; and,
Accelerating financial closure of deals through a coordinated approach.[1]
Combined with $32.8 billion from the rescheduled 2021 Africa Investment Forum Market days—which took place as virtual boardrooms in March this year—the forum has mobilized a total of $63.8 billion of investment interest this year. Since its inception in 2018, the Africa Investment Forum platform has mobilized over $100 billion in investment interests.[2]The forum showcases the Africa Investment Forum’s founding partners’ joint resolve to help unleash Africa’s investment potential in such critical sectors as infrastructure, agriculture, energy, education, the creative industries, sports, and transactions that champion women entrepreneurs.
3. Africa Economic Conference
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The 2022 African Economic Conference (AEC 2022), jointly organized by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), is planned with the theme “Supporting Climate-Smart Development in Africa”. The conference brings together a variety of stakeholders—including policymakers, climate experts, the private sector, researchers, and youth—to discuss the challenges posed by climate change, identify opportunities and strategies for adaptation and mitigation, draw lessons from successes, identify key strategies for financing mobilization and draft an action plan to support the low-carbon and climate-resilient development of Africa.
4. Invest in Africa Summit
AFSIC – Invest in Africa Summit is one of the most important forums for Investment, Trade and Business into Africa. Invest in Africa Summit is recognized as a unique forum to initiate and promote business networking across Africa and to originate and conclude trade, investment, and close new business deals. The Summit gathers 1000-plus key economic players such as government delegations and policy makers, high-profile African leaders, project developers, investors, and entrepreneurs. The 2-days event provides a unique platform to gain strategic knowledge about African investment opportunities and business networking. The convention will cover economic sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure development, agribusiness, Renewable Energy, Real Estate transportation, Digital Technology tourism, Financing SMEs, Women in Business, Healthcare, telecommunications, and Fintech, and natural resources sectors.[1]
5. Invest in Africa Connect
Invest Africa Connect is an initiative of Invest Africa, a leading business and investment platform, using over sixty years’ experience in Africa to provide its members with unique information and exposure to business opportunities. Through our Invest Africa Connect program, the organization partner with must-attend conferences, providing our members discounted rates on delegate seats, and invitation to special events taking place alongside these conferences. Invest in Africa Connect plays a central and influential role in Africa’s socio-economic growth by guiding sustainable capital towards key prospects on the continent. Headquartered in London, Invest Africa also operates from four chapter cities: Johannesburg, New York, Dubai, and Geneva.[2]Invest in Africa Connect is on the way to contribute to Africa’s private sector development in several ways.
6. Corporate Council on Africa U.S.-Africa Business Summit
The U.S.-Africa Business Summit is the largest and most influential U.S. conference on doing business and investing in Africa. The Summit explores a renewed commitment by both public and private sector stakeholders to building stronger U.S. and Africa trade, investment and commercial ties as we emerge from unprecedented health and economic challenges. The U.S.-Africa Business Summit brings together several U.S. and African private sector executives, international investors, senior government and multilateral stakeholders. Our objective is to enable you to connect with government and private sector decision makers over the course of four days and to deliver the insights that you need to move your organization forward.[3]The Summits include: plenary sessions and sector-oriented panels, invest in Africa country forums, welcome receptions and gala diners, private meetings, high-level dialogues, doing business in Africa with Prosper Africa agencies, B2B and B2G networking, and exhibition centers.[4]
What are implications of Economic Summits for Africa?
Economic summits carry out several implications no matter where they are held in Africa.
Economic growth
Economic Summits impacts economic growth and have the capacity to create a continental capital development ecosystem that benefits countries and society in general. The level of Africa’s economic development will be driven by the degree of investment opportunities it builds directly or indirectly. The more investment a country makes it in its economy the more economy growth it gets. For example, economic summit drives foreign direct investment.
FDI inflows to the African continent and subregions, 2020-2021
Source: World Investment Report 2022
This figure indicates that Africa has continued to attract foreign direct investment from a wide range of partners worldwide. Africa has a substantial private investment gap. Every business needs money to grow and generates revenue. For instance, from 2020 – 2021, Africa’s five regions: North, West, Central, East, and South Africa, attracted $83 billion.[1]
In the majority of cases, these businesses are spearheaded by Africans under the age of 35. In fact, 2021 was a record-breaking year for Africa’s start-up scene, which secured over $2 billion in funding. The African Development Bank (AfDB) attributes this mostly to “large economies and sizeable populations.”
Human Capital Development
There is an undeniable relationship between human capital and economic growth. What makes it possible is the amount of money and quality of capital investment. Capital investment is a critical contributor to the development of capabilities and knowledge.
Countries with high-quality human capital stocks can benefit more from the financial sector, as many scientists, researchers, doctors, accountants and financial analysts in these countries can make efficient and effective choices among different alternates. They are more efficient and effective in using opportunities and resources and can also innovate better to support the financial sector growth. These are all essential to promote growth in the economy.[2]
There is an excellent relationship between economic summit and financial capacity building and quality human resource development. A well-developed economic system is key to the growth of society in general. In this growing digital world, young people need to be trained to the new technology innovation and development norms as they influence the future of work. Money investment and economic growth are strictly related by the fact that a robust venture capital and foreign direct investment are facilitators of economic development. Economic summits should be at the center of Africa’s international investment attraction for development. Economic summits serve as platforms for African nations to accelerate cooperation and partnership for private sector development. Economic investment and human capital development are intrinsically linked or related. Investments in human capital (youth development) can generate returns.
At the diplomatic level
Economic investment creates or reinforces two types of diplomacy: business and economic. In the international relations, business and economic institutions are basically made up of rules and principles. In business management, it is called contract. In pure diplomacy, it is called cooperation. What is cooperation or international cooperation? International cooperation tends to be associated with development and economic growth. International economic cooperation between countries and/or companies can be seen as a vehicle for diplomatic relations development. Economic and business diplomats facilitate the creation of investment opportunities, build strong international business relations with foreign nations, and act as advisors to young people in their international career development. By organizing and promoting summits, countries seek to consolidate their economic ties and business diplomatic machine in several ways possible.
At the geopolitical level
Secretary of State Antony Blinken declares at the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit: “Africa is a major geopolitical force. It’s one that has shaped our past, it’s shaping our present, and it will shape our future.”
Figure: Anthony Blinken at the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit 2022
Source: US Africa Media Hub on Twitter
Africa represents a gigantic geopolitical battleground for major powers such as the US, France, Russia, and China. Home to what the world needs to continue its development and innovation, Africa remains the most significant geopolitical force. In support of this argument, Ambassador Rama Yade, director of the Atlantic Council’s Africa Center writes:
‘’US policy in Africa has been thrown off course by China, which is methodically implementing a grand, 21st-century Marshall Plan for the continent through its Belt and Road Initiative. And Beijing is hardly to blame. As home to a large share of the world’s water resources, untapped arable land, and by 2050 nearly 25 percent of the world’s population, Africa has emerged as the most important piece on the geopolitical chessboard. Without a drastic shift in strategy, the United States is on the verge of being on the outside looking in for decades to come’’.[1]
It is clear from the above that Africa will continue to attract diverse great powers for its significant amount of natural resources. The continent continues to grow in radical importance for the world including nations like China, America, Russia, and many more. The growing influence of China and Russia in Africa also worries America and its allies. Therefore, there will always be confrontations between these major powers out there. Rama Yade also emphasizes this rivalry in the following text:
‘’China is playing the long game in Africa and has strategically invested in infrastructure projects including railroads, ports, dams, and hydropower-generation sources. But these investments could be the warm-up act for China’s entry into fields traditionally dominated by the United States—namely technology and banking—where it aspires to compete with American heavyweights like Microsoft, Boeing, Google, and General Electric. Such game-changing moves would play into China’s larger ambition of unseating the US dollar’’.[2]
Economic and business summits also have geopolitical implications. Most summits are organized states and their institutions. The nature of these events becomes a political one. For example, China-Africa Forum is a pure product of the Chinese government, creating a clear pathway for them to invest in infrastructure development projects in Africa.
Key Lessons Learned from Organizing Economic and Investment Summits in Africa
There are several lessons to draw from the ongoing development and organization of economic and investment summits on the African continent. We see several benefits and challenges for the continent.
Africa’s development is impossible without proper venture capital investment
Source: Center for Economic Policy Research, 2021
Africa needs capital to grow. This comes from an effective combination of venture capital and foreign direct investment, and other investment opportunities. Dr. Eisen reports that lack of capital access is big problem and blocks the growth of innovation and entrepreneurship in Africa:
In order for Africa to fully utilize its business potential, however, there are many challenges to overcome. It is estimated that 70% of African startups lack access to talent and capital to grow their businesses. The proportion of female-founded startups in the first half of 2022 was only 27%, and investors based in Africa accounted for 29% of total investments. Building a diverse startup ecosystem at home is crucial to maintaining growth momentum and intensifying the technological and digital revolution. African VC firms, accelerators, entrepreneurial support programs and grants from government and nonprofit organizations should comprise this ecosystem.[1]
Dr. Leon Eisen is an inventor, entrepreneur, board member of the Global Africa Leadership Council, WBAF Senator and Oxitone Medical founder. His assessment of the grand challenges facing African entrepreneurs reinforces the urgent needs for African leaders to build more economic summits that would help close this huge gap. With proper management and organization, these investment would generate sufficient funds to accelerate the building of more entrepreneurs on the African continent. It is clear that Africa’s competition in the global economy will be highly dependent on how successful its youth are.
The venture capital big 4 investment paradox is a big problem
The World Economic Forum reports that 92% of Africa’s investment in tech is won by just four countries: Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa. Known as Africa’s ‘’Big 4’’, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, and Kenya continue to attract the important of foreign investment in terms of venture capital funding. The African Development Bank’s (AfDB) 2021 report states that these four countries account for about a third of the continent’s start-up incubators and accelerators and receive 80% of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Africa.[2]One of the plausible ways to address that issue is to facilitate greater investment opportunities everywhere in Africa.
In spite of global inflation and a macroeconomic environment that discourages investments, Africa’s venture capital ecosystem remained bullish in the first half of 2022. There were 445 venture capital deals (to 300 unique companies), setting another record with over $3.5 billion raised. Additionally, it is predicted that VC deals will reach $7 billion by 2023.[3]
The venture capital funding and raising predictions for the next coming years are promising. It is clear signs that the future of business is in Africa. Economic summits constitute great opportunities to finally embark Africa in the next development flight.
The building of responsible investment leadership and opportunities
Several nations in Africa faces several challenges in attracting regional and international investors. Examples of problems include poor infrastructure, corruption, poor international credit rating, and violence. Responsible investment leadership is crucial. In the current business environment, characterized by change and new and sometimes unpredictable challenges, it is important that leaders have the capability to act responsibly, to deliver a business which meets those challenges without causing detriment to their stakeholders or the world in which they exist.[4]
Responsible investment leadership can be seen to bring value and benefits to institutions and young people in Africa. Venture capitalists and investors do not invest in a country that does not fight corruption or create transparent capital investment protection policies. African leaders can all play a significant role in the development of a great continental economic development ecosystem by committed to being responsible investment leaders. A responsible investment in human capital, youth development, and economic development will benefit in a multitude of ways. African leaders should hold themselves accountable, so they should exemplify the characteristics of responsible investment leaders and encourage other populations to do so. A key role for responsible leaders particularly is to ensure that the country or organization is not simply focused on economic development objectives, but rather to propose and implement other key metrics, and provide evidence of the positive impact of responsible decisions. Calling for investment can assist with economic growth, although it is significant that not all leaders behave responsibly and have a measurable impact on society. By promoting responsible capital investment leadership, nations will contribute to a better society of culture and performance at all levels. Responsible investment leadership will contribute to the development of an ecosystem that will not leave African entrepreneurs’ hostage to the ever-growing big dollar whims of several venture capitalists and foreign investors.
Conclusion: where do we go next?
Africa is at the center of gigantic economic stakes for the world. Economic and investment summits constitute excellent engines that Africa should use to increase investment opportunities and improve the economic situation out there. Considering the above lessons African governments and policymakers should encourage international investment marketplaces through strong public-private partnerships. Money will always become the fuel that keeps an economy running. Therefore, economic and investment platforms such as summits and conferences will still be the center stage of capital raising through which Africa will grow its economy. Institutions such as the African Development Bank, US Chamber of Commerce, US Corporate Council on Africa, World Economic Forum, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) can assist in the provision of economic summits to contribute to capital investment on the African continent. They provide platforms for engagement and dialogue on emerging and key issues related to investing for sustainable development. For Africa in particular, economic summits to promote new investments in industry can contribute to a significant amount of economic development and societal changes. International investment platforms will continue to become a driving force for a more inclusive and sustainable continental economic growth at all levels. The consequences of economic summits will be potentially far-reaching for the configuration of the continental value chain with big implications for economic development. Although most countries see a tiny fraction of venture capital investment as opposed to the Big 4’s, the promises of current successful investment promotion platforms throw a huge amount of optimism in the air.
Economic summits organized in Africa or by Africans across the world, like any other forms of investment platforms, will contribute to the construction of an incommensurable explosive economic dynamic, rebuilding the capital investment culture necessary to make Africa compete in the global economy. Economic summits help foster a solid innovation environment that sustains financial development and growth. Most significantly for making Africa the center stage of the world’s future and emerging as an economic powerhouse.
To that end, African leaders must encourage the building and organization of more economic summits that could be critical ways for generating capital funding and foreign direct investment, catalyzing new employment and business development in Africa, helping more young people find a place in a changing continental and global economy, and changing the economic story of a continent that is really one of the world’s greatest diplomatic machines.
As long as Africa does needs venture capital investment to grow and as far as the venture capital investment game continue to be played out across the globe, Africa will just sit and Watch. Indeed, young leaders will find ways to grab their parts of the cake.
Notes
Shirley Ze Yu is Director of the China-Africa Initiative at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at LSE, and senior practitioner fellow at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School.
Special note
The views expressed in this note can be attributed to the named author only.
[1]US Department of State (2022). US-Africa Leaders’ Summit. https://www.state.gov/africasummit. This piece of information was extracted from the Department of State’s Official Website.
While Ghana aspires to modernize and expand economic opportunity, it is constrained by a struggling power distribution sector and unreliable electricity for homes and businesses. As a leading trade hub in West Africa, Ghana’s economic success carries global significance.
Ghana, like many African nations, has long grappled with energy access and reliability issues, hindering industrialization in both urban and rural communities. Between late 2012 and 2016, Ghana experienced a severe electricity crisis called ‘Dumsor’.
This crisis was caused by a drought from the Volta Lake that threatened electricity production from the Akosombo Dam, Ghana’s largest energy generating station. The crisis triggered a severe power rationing programme resulting in heavy load shedding throughout the country. At the height of this crisis, consumers faced at least 16-hour power cuts every 24 hours. Henceforth, the country’s power sector has failed to keep up with increasing demand from a growing population of over 31 million people.
Ghana’s energy sector has significant debt. The country’s electricity access rate is 86.63%, with 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents connected to the electricity grid.
In 2021, 86.63% of Ghana’s population had access to electricity. This is a 0.86% increase from 2020. 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents are connected to the electricity grid. Ghana’s electricity access rate is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. The Bank’s April 2023 Africa’s Pulse Report scored Ghana 81.2%. This was followed by:
Côte D’Ivoire (77%)
Kenya (76%)
Senegal (73.5%)
Nigeria (69.1%)
Rwanda (65%)
Gambia (61%)
Ghana’s installed capacity is around 4,300 MW. In 2018, Ghana’s peak demand exceeded its installed capacity by more than 2,000 MW. Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo.
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – Updated on June 7, 2024 – April 1, 2023, – January 5, 2022 and Originally Published on October 3, 2021 Introduction and explanation of the reason for writing and publishing the following articles that are reflective of decades of research around the world … Continue reading Morocco Power for Great Britain
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – OCTOBER 5, 2021 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Publications on Electricity in Morocco and the Relation of Africa with Europe Via Morocco for the Gas and Power Distribution Moroccan Kingdom – United Kingdom: Electrical Link by Submarine Cable Updated on … Continue reading Africa-Morocco: Gaz Power and Europe
Ghana’s electricity demand is expected to rise from 21.3 thousand gigawatt hours in 2021 to over 36.5 thousand gigawatt hours in 2030. However, Ghana’s actual availability of electricity rarely exceeds 2,400 MW due to:
Changing hydrological conditions
Inadequate fuel supplies
Dilapidated infrastructure
Ghana’s energy sector is expected to see generation/supply shortfalls of at least:
467MW in 2025
916MW in 2026
Ghana’s power supply sources include:
Hydroelectricity
Thermal fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel
Solar
Imports from La Cote D’Ivoire
Ghana’s energy supply is dominated by thermal generation (68%), followed by hydropower (31%). Gas is the largest source of electricity production, followed by hydropower.
Ghana’s Current Response to the Energy Crisis
Ghana unveiled its $550 billion Energy Transition and Investment Plan (ETIA) at the UN General Assembly on September 21, 2023. The plan aims to achieve net-zero emissions and universal energy access by 2060. It also aims to create 400,000 jobs.
H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghanalaunched the Ghana Energy Transition and Investment Plan on 21 September 2023 during the UN General Assembly.
“This pioneering “Energy Transition and Investment Plan” maps out Ghana’s journey to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 based on the latest data and evidence, ensuring that as our economy thrives, it does so in harmony with the environment.” Declaration of his H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghana.
The Energy Transition and Investment Plan includes:
The Energy Transition and Investment Plan is expected to be the government’s main roadmap for achieving these goals. It will help Ghana achieve net-zero energy-related carbon emissions by deploying low-carbon.
Achieving net-zero emissions
Creating 400,000 jobs
Universal energy access
150 GW of solar PV
Hydropower, biomass, solar energy, and wind energy
To address energy shortfalls, the Ghana government introduced policy interventions in 2019 aimed at boosting the utilization of renewable energy and fulfilling its commitments to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). The key of these interventions was the Government’s Renewable Energy Master plan, which sought to among others, increase the proportion of renewable energy in the national energy generation mix from 42.5 MW in 2015 to 1,363.63 MW by 2030.
Ghana integrated some renewable energy solutions into its national grid, which also includes a Hydro-Solar Hybrid (HSH) plant at Banda in the Bui enclave. This HSH plant, managed by the Bui Power Authority, has a hydro capacity of 404MW and a solar capacity of 55MW. The plant makes use of Huawei’s Smart Photovoltaic (PV) Solution to fuel the national grid which supports communities, factories, enterprises, and small-scale businesses of over 24,000 locals in the Banda community. Bui Power Authority – BPA supports the Government’s goals of increased renewable energy penetration in the country and its greenhouse gas reduction obligations.
Aerial-view-of-the-5MW-Floating-Solar-at-the-Bui-Generating-Station. This is the strategy that Morocco should emulate to save energy, to produce clean energy near where it is needed most while protecting the reserve of water from evaporation during sunny days and recuperating the power produced during the night.
Bui Power Authority leads the way for floating solar Installation in the West African Sub-Region
Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility also features a 1 MW floating solar component. Due to increasingly low water levels, especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.
The most commonly used energy resources are:
Biomass (46.667%)
Oil (40.52%)
Natural gas (10%)
Ghana’s energy strategy is to diversify its energy portfolio and increase the role of renewables.
The government’s Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) aims to increase the country’s renewable energy capacity from 42.5 MW in 2019 to about 1390 MW by 2030.
The REMP is a US$ 5.6 billion investment plan, with more than 80% coming from the private sector. The plan is implemented over a 12-year time-space, from 2019 to 2030.
Ghana’s energy strategy includes:
Ghana’s National Energy Policy focuses on the country’s vast mini hydro potential. Twenty-one micro- and medium-hydro power sites, with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW, have already been identified as suitable for power generation.
Renewable energy: Ghana’s goal is to have 10% of its energy come from renewable sources by 2030. This includes adding 520 MW of solar, 325 MW of wind, and 60 MW of hydro from 2022 to 2030.
Net zero emissions: Ghana plans to achieve net zero emissions by 2060 by using six main decarbonizing technologies.
These technologies include:
Small hydro potential: The government’s National Energy Policy focuses on using the country’s small hydro potential. Ghana has 21 micro- and medium-hydro power sites with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW.
Energy Sector Recovery Program: The Energy Sector Recovery Program (ESRP) was approved in 2019 to address cost under-recovery in the sector. The program is a five-year plan with 30 reform actions to bring the sector into financial equilibrium by 2023.
Electrification and renewables
Carbon capture and storage
Low-carbon hydrogen
Battery electric vehicle technologies
Clean cooking technologies
Ghana’s energy mix is expected to provide affordable electricity at a generation cost below 4.5 cents/kwh.
Some ways to solve Ghana’s energy crisis include:
Diversifying the electricity generation mix
Expanding the prepaid metering system
Having other independent power distributors
Consulting energy experts and engaging civil society organizations
Producing biofuels from plants like corn and soybeans
Promoting the establishment of dedicated woodlots for wood fuel production
Promoting the production and use of improved cookstoves
Replacing high energy-consuming appliances with energy-efficient refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, and lighting systems
Other possible solutions to the global energy crisis include:
Moving towards renewable resources
Buying energy-efficient products
Lighting controls
Easier grid access
Energy simulation
Performing energy audits
A common stand on climate change
Ghana Actual Energy Supply Chain Management:
According to the International Trade Administration, Ghana’s energy sector currently relies on hydro and thermal generation fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel. Thermal generation accounts for nearly 66% of Ghana’s power generation mix, with hydro accounting for 33%. In total, Ghana’s electric access rate stands at just over 86%, with 91% of urban residents and 50% of rural residents being actively connected to the electricity grid.
Ghana imports energy to secure its supply and promote inter-regional energy trade. Ghana imports natural gas from Nigeria through the West African Gas Pipeline. Ghana also imports petroleum fuel because it has limited oil reserves.
Ghana’s over reliance on fossil fuels makes its energy insecure and threatens its economic growth and development. The country’s power sector cannot meet electricity demand. The Ghanaian government is turning to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel source.
These are the prevailing conditions of the Energy sector in Ghana and the Government is seeking an exit from such dilemma and challenging energetic deficiencies.
The Energy Commission of Ghana was established in 1997. The commission’s main objectives are to:
Regulate and manage Ghana’s energy resources
Coordinate all energy-related policies
Provide the legal, regulatory, and supervisory framework for all energy providers in the country
Grant licenses for transmission, wholesale, and supply
Advise the government on energy matters
The commission consists of seven commissioners responsible for: Licensing, Renewables, Infrastructure, Efficiency. The Ministry of Energy is responsible for:
Formulating, monitoring, and evaluating energy policies, programs, and projects
Supervising and coordinating the activities of Energy Sector Agencies
Implementing the National Electrification Scheme (NES)
Formulating and implementing laws and policies, such as the Renewable Energy Act of 2011
Foreign investments in Ghana
Kasoa, C/R, Ghana – With the inauguration of the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point (BSP) today, the United States has completed its nearly six-year $316 million investment in Ghana’s energy infrastructure, supporting more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana. Jun 1, 2022
USD 200,000 for joint ventures with a Ghanaian partner
USD 500,000 for enterprises wholly owned by a non-Ghanaian
USD 1 million for trading companies
Foreign Investments in Ghana’s Energy Sector:
Ghana’s energy sector is becoming an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investment. The country has a high potential for solar energy generation and a favorable investment climate for solar energy companies.
Here are some foreign investments in Ghana’s energy sector:
IFCAs of March 2023, IFC’s investment portfolio in Ghana was $446 million in financing and $12.5 million in advisory services.
Ghana’s top investing countries are South Africa, The Netherlands, France, Mauritius, and China.
China is the world’s largest investor in Africa in terms of total capital. In 2020, China’s total stock of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Ghana was around $1.6 billion.
In the first half of 2021, Ghana’s largest investment partners were:
Singapore: $307.50 million
Australia: $204.01 million
India: $61.57 million
The Netherlands: $46.80 million
Some of Ghana’s other major foreign investors include China, The United Kingdom, South Africa, The Netherlands, and Australia. China maintains the highest number of investment projects in Ghana, followed by India, the UK, South Africa, Turkey, Mauritania, and France.
FDI flows in Ghana are mainly directed to the following sectors:
The State Department says that foreign investors have limited market access in the following sectors:
Oil and gas, Services, Trade, Agriculture, Construction, Manufacturing.
Banking, Fishing, Petroleum, Mining, Real estate, Telecommunications.
U.S. Investments in Ghana
Ghana and the United States have a strong economic partnership with bilateral trade reaching $2.7 billion in 2021. Following the success of the first Ghana Compact with MCC, which supported the country’s transport and agricultural sectors, MCC and the Government of Ghana renewed their partnership in 2014 and signed a $316 million Ghana Power Compact. Jun 1, 2022 — United States – The U.S. government’s Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and the Government of Ghana formally completed the 5-year, $316 million MCC – Ghana Power Compact today, celebrating a partnership that created a more effective, sustainable, and inclusive power sector in Ghana.
MCC Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Mahmoud Bah (center), receives a tour of the Pokuase Bulk Supply Point (BSP), which is one of the four power stations built as part of the $316 million MCC-Ghana Power Compact.
This new investment aimed to transform the country’s energy sector by investing in new power infrastructure, advancing energy-efficiency practices, and creating inclusive economic opportunities in the power sector that will support more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana, including the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point.
Ghana’s government launched an Energy Transition and Investment Plan on September 21, 2023, during the UN General Assembly. The plan is intended to attract investors and the international community to help Ghana transition to energy. The plan is worth $550 billion and represents an opportunity for the international community to invest in Ghana’s sustainable development.
Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo.
Model for the Generation of Electricity in Morocco
Bui Power Authority – BPA – Model of Mix Generation of Electricity Combining the use of Solar elements added to existing hydropower Plant
The operational 50 MW phase of the Bui Power Authority hybrid-solar-hydro project. Photo Credit: BPA
Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility, which also features a 1 MW floating solar component, is expected to be completed in 2023.
Mr. Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Senior Minister on behalf of President Akufo-Addo, said, “This project further shows my government’s commitment to deliver on the promise to increase the renewable energy component in our energy mix to 10 percent by 2030.”
The operational 50 MW phase of the Bui Power Authority hybrid-solar-hydro project. Photo Credit: BPA
Due to increasingly low water levels in Morocco, as is the case in Ghana also especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.
This novel approach has the potential to be replicated with other utilities not only in Ghana but across the West African sub-region as well as in the entire Africa where similar challenges existed. This approach can lead to more sustainable forms of energy generation.
In line with Ghana’s mission to promote access to reliable, clean, and affordable electricity, Power Africa assisted the Bui Power Authority (BPA) to operationalize the first 50 megawatt (MW) phase of its 250 MW solar-hydro hybrid project. This first 50 MW plant resulted in the doubling of Ghana’s grid-connected solar energy and is expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions by more than 47,000 tons per year.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Oakland, California 1/22/24
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This article will define the main steps that have shaped the progress of the BRIC, BRICS, and now BRICS + 2024. The main aspects are presented with their direct impact on the international relations between economic nations. The BRICS + as a new group of emerging countries have in their beginning concentrated on having an alternative space where they can build between the founding members direct communication on their trade and financial relationships. The BRIC acronym stands for #Brazil, #Russia, #India, #China, and #SouthAfrica. The setting of the related structure was materialized making the addition of an African Member South Africa transforming the BRIC into BRICS. This step has allowed the BRIC Club to be a Community of Nations that are representative of continents and regions of the world that can share common grounds of needs and seek common solutions to the challenges raised and created by the Western Advanced Economies.
A sort of new differentiation was put in place for middle economic nations to be distinctive from the rest of countries considered as Subcapitalit economies that had no international organ representing their interests in common means and ways of defense or expression. The BRICS filled this gap and started building structures to substitute them for what the Western Advanced Economies have created since the end of the Second World War to maintain a certain discipline and control of the international arenas of trade, business, finance, and culture as well as direct diplomatic relationships between their members. This evolution imposed on the BRICS to become and to be more representative to be able to use the structures built and to create more credibility for their actions and objectives. The present 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan is effectively the real translation and expression of such role and function that its founding members are pursuing and trying to materialize in the sense of reinforcing a response to Multipolarism and Multilateralism as new forms of intra and international structuring of the relationship between the countries of the South and those of the North.
In the following text, you will read about the evolution of the BRICS its transformative path, and its continual adaptation to new challenges erupting on the international scene. The founding members of the BRICS with China at the forefront of the Group, are seeking to increase their weight and their propositions to respond and express their approaches which aim at the monopoly played by Western-based organizations in defining the direction of the World economy, the Geostrategic interests and the Economic regulations have been carried since the beginning of the 19th century with the end of the Colonial Prohibitions and Mercantilism and the expansion of Liberalism to the present time of Neoliberalism.
Breaking the Borders of Globalization, Multinationalisation, and Internationalization and Setting New Forms of Supra-Integration
The 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan is being held under the chairmanship of Russia from October 22-24. The Ministry of External Affairs said, “The Summit, themed ‘Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security,’ will provide an important platform for leaders to discuss key global issues.”
Adding New Members to BRICS
The #BRICS group expanded in early 2024 to include #Iran, the #UnitedArabEmirates, #Ethiopia, and #Egypt. #SaudiArabia was also announced as a new member, though the kingdom has yet to make a final decision on whether to join. Argentinian President Javier Milei, who took office in December 2023 and is steering his country’s geopolitical alignment toward the #US and away from China and Brazil, declined a membership invitation.
The nations still seeking admission include #Malaysia, #Thailand, and #Turkey. Further enlargement could be discussed during this summit in Kazan, Russia, on Oct. 22-24.
What is the impetus for expansion?
The BRICS club of nations almost doubled in size this year, making it a more credible counterweight to the G7. The BRICS group of emerging-market powers has gone from a slogan dreamed up at an #investmentbank to BRICS+ two almost doubled in size in 2024, pairing several major #energy producers with some of the biggest consumers among developing countries and potentially enhancing the group’s economic clout in a US-dominated #world. The push has been driven largely by China, now the world’s pre-eminent industrial power, which is trying to boost its global clout by courting nations traditionally allied with the US. South Africa and Russia have backed the expansion. India was initially hesitant because it was concerned that a bigger BRICS would transform the group into a mouthpiece for China, while Brazil was worried about alienating the West — although both governments eventually agreed to an enlargement.
The Launching Pad of the BRICS
Jim O’Neill, the Chief Economist at Goldman Sachs, created the acronym BRICS in 2001. O’Neill’s research paper, Building Better Global Economic BRICs, proposed that the economic potential of Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) could make them among the world’s most dominant economies by 2050. O’Neill argued that the growth of these countries could challenge the dominance of the G7, the world’s seven most advanced economies.
The BRICS group of emerging-market powers — the acronym stands for #Brazil, #Russia, #India, #China, and #SouthAfrica — has gone from a slogan dreamed up at an #investmentbank and the Brics two decades ago.
Russia and the U.S. Dollar: A Yoyo Game by the Control of Gold
On June 2024, With the BRICS firmly committed to de-dollarization, Morgan Stanley recently said that the US dollar cannot be dethroned.
On the heels of what Kaddafi was proposing the use of their pricing for gold would serve as the basis for payment for other primary goods including petrol. This claim was the last straw that broke the back of the camel and resulted in his assassination. Almost in a similar line to nationalizing the price of the precious metals, Russia has proposed that BRICS member countries create their own precious metals exchange in a move that could upend the long-established international pricing mechanisms for gold, silver, platinum, and other precious metals. This declaration has sent the price of gold skyrocketing.
The news comes on October 23, 2024, on the heels of Wednesday’s declaration adopted by the leaders of the BRICS countries supporting an increase in the exchange of precious metals between members based on common product quality standards.
At the Kazan summit, Russia proposed to the BRICS countries to create a precious metals exchange, which, according to the authors of the idea, will fundamentally change the principles of pricing in this conservative market.
As stated in the message of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the declaration of the leaders of the BRICS countries adopted on Wednesday supported an increase in the turnover of precious metals between the countries of the association based on common product quality standards. “The creation of a mechanism for trading metals within the BRICS countries will lead to the formation of fair and equitable competition based on exchange principles,” the Ministry of Finance said in a release.
“The mechanism will include the creation of instruments for price indicators for metals, standards for the production and trade of bullion, accreditation of market participants, clearing and auditing within the BRICS countries, and the participating countries will have a reliable way of stable exchange trading within the association,” said the head of the department Anton Siluanov, quoted in the message.
The BRICS club of nations dominated by China almost doubled in size this year 2024, making it a more credible counterweight to the G7. The BRICS is pairing several major #energy producers with some of the biggest consumers among developing countries and potentially enhancing the group’s economic clout in a US-dominated #world. Dozens more countries have expressed interest in joining its ranks.
Who are the New Members of BRICS?
The rise of BRICS (and now BRICS+) reflects a shared belief among important emerging players that the Western-dominated, rules-based international order—and particularly the system of global economic governance—is both stacked against their interests and fundamentally outdated. The #BRICS group expanded in early 2024 to include #Iran, the #UnitedArabEmirates, #Ethiopia, and #Egypt. #SaudiArabia was also announced as a new member, though the kingdom has yet to make a final decision on whether to join. Argentinian President Javier Milei, who took office in December 2023 and is steering his country’s geopolitical alignment toward the #US and away from China and Brazil, declined a membership invitation.
The nations still seeking admission include #Malaysia, #Thailand, and #Turkey. Further enlargement is likely to be discussed at a summit in Kazan, Russia, on Oct. 22-24.
The 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan is being held under the chairmanship of Russia from October 22-24. The Ministry of External Affairs said, “The Summit, themed ‘Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security,’ will provide an important platform for leaders to discuss key global issues.”
Russian President Vladimir Putin will host the first-ever summit of BRICS+ from October 22 to 24 in the Tatarstan city of Kazan. There, the founding members of BRICS—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—will formally welcome into their fold five new members: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Putin has also invited more than two dozen other countries that have applied for or are considering membership in the expanding club. The gathering is meant to send an unmistakable signal: Despite the West’s best efforts to isolate it, Russia has many friends around the world.
To some in the West, the emergence of BRICS+ suggests something even more ominous—a world that is fragmenting into competing blocs, thanks to intensifying geopolitical rivalry between East and West and growing mutual alienation between North and South. According to this reading, Beijing and Moscow are intent on exploiting some countries’ resentment of the United States and its wealthy world allies to consolidate an anti-Western counterweight to the venerable Group of 7 (G7), a process that is likely to paralyze global cooperation within other multilateral venues.
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D. ★ Strategic Catalyst Driving U.S.-Morocco-Africa Investment, Trade, and Business Development ★ Senior Policy Adviser in International Affairs ★ Accomplished Public Speaker ★ Distinguished News Executive Editor ★ The recent decline in the United States’ standing in the Arab world and China’s growing influence indeed has significant implications. Let’s break down … Continue reading
China Puzzled by U.S. Trade Economics and Politics System – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D. – Said Cherkaoui Ph.D. TRI CK USA – Email: saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com 8 27 24 – Oakland – Bay Area of San Francisco – California Trade-wise, The four years witnessed escalating trade tensions culminating in a trade war and sanctions on Chinese technology companies. Since Biden’s election, political and business stakeholders … Continue Reading
Collage made by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui tracing the USA-China relation since the Presidency of Donald Trump that we consider as the opening of a New Chapter that we are still reading up to now Global Risk Analysis Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D. ★ Strategic Catalyst Driving U.S.-Morocco-Africa Investment, Trade, and Business Development ★ Senior … Continue reading
Of particular concern is the future of the Group of 20 (G20). Even before BRICS expansion, it had become a microcosm of growing global rifts. A further hardening of these divisions would undercut the G20’s fundamental raison d’être: namely, to help bridge gulfs between—and leverage the capabilities of—important countries that are not inherently or necessarily like-minded.
With the rise of economies like China and India, many countries see BRICS as a platform to counterbalance the influence of traditional Western powers. Recent global conflicts and increased US-China rivalry might push countries towards BRICS as a way to navigate complex geopolitical dynamics.
The push has been driven largely by China, now the world’s pre-eminent industrial power, which is trying to boost its global clout by courting nations traditionally allied with the US. South Africa and Russia have backed the expansion. India was initially hesitant because it was concerned that a bigger BRICS would transform the group into a mouthpiece for China, while Brazil was worried about alienating the West — although both governments eventually agreed to an enlargement.
The 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan is being held under the chairmanship of Russia from October 22-24, 2024. The Ministry of External Affairs said, “The Summit, themed ‘Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security,’ will provide an important platform for leaders to discuss key global issues” and work together to build and implement adequate solutions and adaptable responses to the new challenges that Presiden Xi has called on BRICS members to pursue and realize.
– Build a BRICS committed to peace, and act as defenders of common security. – Build a BRICS committed to innovation, and act as pioneers of high-quality development. – Build a BRICS committed to green development, and act as promoters of sustainable development. – Build a BRICS committed to justice, and act as forerunners in reforming global governance. – Build a BRICS committed to closer people-to-people exchanges, and act as advocates for harmonious coexistence among all civilizations.
Posted on – In 1992, I had a meeting with a European Commissaire at the Boalt Library at the University of California at Berkeley and I conducted an interview about the creation of the European Economic Community and its monetary policies. This interaction was made given that as Adjunct Associate Professor, I introduced for the first time in … Continue reading“ Liberal Pax Americana in the West and Shield of Alliances by the BRICS in the East”
Posted on – BRICS AND THE SOUTHERN COUNTRIES FACING THE DOLLAR ECONOMY The acronym BRIC, which initially stood for Brazil, Russia, India, and China, was coined by Jim O’Neill in 2001 when he was chief economist of the multinational investment bank, Goldman Sachs. At the time, the four countries had sustained rates of high economic growth and the …Continue reading “BRICS Fortress to Shield Dollar”
Posted on – By Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Oct 2, 2015 In June 2014, the BRICS group formed by the so-called emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and the new member, South Africa had effectively signed a memorandum of understanding aimed at creating a new international financial institution. A year later, these same countries materialized … Continue reading “China’s Reinforcing BRICS with the Foundation of Development Bank”
Posted on – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui World Tour du Monde Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui et le Tour du Monde: De Doukkala, Mazagan, El … Continue reading Said El Mansour Cherkaoui World Tour du Monde – REBUILDING MOROCCO New Economic Houses on BRICS and MINT Nouvelles Eco-Demeures en BRICS et Menthe Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Published … Continue reading “BRICS Building Financial Great Wall”
December 9, 2021 ★ Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. ★ Published on July 1, 2015 – 78 articles published at LinkedIn Great Wall and Great Break Banking Time for BRICS From July 2014 to July 2015, the BRICS group, the new emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa signed a Memorandum of Understanding to create…Continue Reading →
English Version: New Economic Houses on BRICS and MINT
The Financial Times estimated that the seven largest emerging economies can hypothetically be called a new G7: four BRICS members – Brazil, Russia, India and China and three countries of the so-called MINT – Mexico, Indonesia and Turkey, will have a combined GDP of $37.8 trillion in 2014 when calculated at purchasing power parity (PPS).
However, the long established G7 group of industrialized nations: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the US are expected to have an output of $34.5 trillion.
Version Française: Les nouvelles puissances économiques du monde Bâtie sur BRICS et à la Menthe Le Financial Times estime que les sept plus grandes économies émergentes peuvent hypothétiquement être appelés une nouvelle G7: quatre membres du BRICS – Brésil, Russie, Inde et Chine et trois pays de la soi-disant MINT – Mexique, l’Indonésie et la Turquie, aura un PIB combiné de $ 37,8 trillions en 2014 lorsqu’il est calculé à partir de la Parité de Pouvoir d’Achat (PPA). http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d’achat Cependant, le groupe du G7 établi de longue date par les pays industrialisés: le Canada, la France, l’Allemagne, l’Italie, le Japon, le Royaume-Uni et les États-Unis devraient avoir un total de seulement $ 34,5 trillions.
From July 2014 to July 2015, the BRICS group, the new emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa signed a Memorandum of Understanding to create a new international financial institution capitalized with $200 billion of liquidity. This banking organization was projected to act as BRICS Development Bank with $100 billion along with a reserve currency pool worth over another $100 billion.
On July 2015, in China, the New Development bank, also known as the BRICS Bank, has been approved by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress during its meetings that are actually taking place until July 1, 2015. India and Russia had already agreed on this creation and South Africa is expected to present ratification documents in July during a meeting of BRICS countries in the Russian city of Ufa.
THE BRICS FACTORY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:
In terms of demographic and economic standards, the BRICS are becoming heavy weights challengers for the New World Order inherited from the Presidency of Father Bush. The group BRICS has 42 percent of the world’s population and roughly 20 percent of the world’s economy based on gross domestic product, and 30 percent of the world’s GDP based on purchasing power parity. * The total trade between the BRICS’ countries is $6.14 trillion, or nearly 17 percent of the world’s total. They also account for 11 percent of global capital investment. China, India and Brazil are also ranked among the largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by nominal GDP.
In 2015, the members of this privileged “Elite” club were the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and India. Their ranking in respect to respective GDP in trillions of U.S. dollars is the following: USA $18.1 – China $11.2 – Japan $4.2 – Germany $3.4 – U.K. $2.9 – France $2.5 – India $2.3 – Brazil $1.9 – Italy $1.8 – Canada$1.6.
THE STRUCTURE OF NEW BRICS DEVELOPMENT BANK:
Each member of the BRICS will have a seat for their Finance Minister or Central Bank Chair at the Bank’s Representative Board. The other innovation is that membership is not just limited to BRICS economies such is the case in other international financial institutions. The BRICS Bank will be headquartered in Shanghai, with India presiding it during the first year, and Russia serving as the chairman of the representatives. During the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits in the Russian city of Ufa, Anton Siluanov has been appointed Board Chairman of the New Development Bank, he is the current Russian Finance Minister. Similarly, it has been agreed that an African regional center of the NDB bank will be established in South Africa.
In recent interview conducted by RT, the New Development Bank president Kundapur Vaman Kamath declared a “significant part” of the bank’s activity could be carried out in local currencies. “I have not applied my mind as to what effect it will have on other currencies. But as far as our local currencies are concerned, our own countries are concerned, that will substantially reduce any exchange risk.” He also projected that by April 2016 the New Development Bank will issue its first loan.
Mr. Kamath added: “I think clearly setting up of this bank is also a signal that developing countries are now able to stand on their feet in their own way and set up their own institutions. We are really looking at expanding the membership base in the future.” In this perspective, joining the Development Bank remains open to other emerging countries, such as Mexico, Indonesia, or Argentina, once it sorts out its debt burden.
The initial funding came from each BRICS member that will contribute an equal share in establishing a startup capital of $50 billion while the full participation is $100 billion. This capitalization represents a crisis lending fund and is called the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). China contributed with $41 billion while Russia, Brazil and India will add in $18 billion, and South Africa, the newest member, will contribute $5 billion. The contribution of 39.5 percent will give China the largest voting rights.
On the 7/9/2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin is meeting BRICS leaders in an expanded format at the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits in the Russian city of Ufa which took place on July 8-10, 2015. The Summit in the Russian City of Ufa become the cradle for the official launch of the New Development Bank and the designation of its leaders. in the same perspective, the BRICS countries agreed to put in place a $100bn reserve currency pool which aims to protect the member states – the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – from currency volatility shocks. This is one of the reasons, the summits agreed that the association will start using their local currencies for mutual settlements quite soon.
In fact, the continuity of the financial imbalances of the western economies added to the unpredictability of their financial institutions and their budgetary deficits had added more concerns to the BRICS members and have motivated them to sustain the creation of the New Development Bank, an alternative and a supplement to existing international “hard currency” financial institutions.
THE NEW ALTERNATIVE TO THE UNION OF WESTERN BANKS:
The idea behind these financial moves is to create structures that will help to lessen dependency on the West and to create a more multi-polar world. Other implications are a design to protect against the instability and the fluctuations of the Western based currencies. The BRICS BANK is sought to provide also financial means and resources to counter the influence of Western-based lending institutions and the US Dollar, especially at the wake of the current financial turmoil traversing the western economies and the regional conflicts generated by the consequent race for the natural resources around the globe.
Within such frame, the long domination of the US Dollar since the signing of Bretton Woods Agreement and the Nixon Administration’s creation of the Petro-dollars (1973 oil crisis) are starting to show some fissures and weakness in the resolution, remittance and refinancing of international transactions.
Furthermore, the western-based banking system and the recent Libor scandal and other related fraudulent behaviors and abuses coupled had increased the reluctance of Emerging economies to continue to be financed through a system that rely only on lending volume as the key metric for success. Similarly, the development and the integration of technology-oriented methods of resolution and transfer of assets and financial denominations have added more determinations to the Emerging economies to establish their own channels to finance their infrastructures and funnels directly their funds without intermediaries. These technological advances have also facilitated the consultation and the planning of infrastructural projects to be financed as joint development ventures by the BRICS economies for their own countries and for the rest of the developing world.
Additionally, the need of alternative global financial instruments is increasing given that the trade is bilaterally developed among emerging economies and between them and the rest of the developing world. For these reasons, the financial institutions and facilities offered by western societies such as the IMF, the World Bank and the OPIC and their regional agencies are considered as organizations dominated by western shareholders which add more challenges for projects oriented toward the development of national resources and the related infrastructure. Within such perspective, the other bank being promoted by China as an alternative to existing development institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, is the new Asian Development Bank, known as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, that was established in October 2014. Britain and Germany are listed among its 57 member states.
To avoid such hurdles and to reduce cost and time in terms of realizations, the emerging economies are developing regional free trade blocs and treaties that are engaging their financial resources as well. For these reasons, the Members of BRICS are seeking to reinforce bilateral trade relations without relying on the evaluation or the approval by Western based decision making. The other aspect is the total fees charged by the related lending institution and the influence of the dollar in the development of the international trade of commodities and primary goods.
The implications of all these new forms of competitiveness at the level of financial transactions and their far-reaching impact on the balance of payments, especially the current accounts of the countries concerned, it is without equivoque that new currencies are going to be emerging within certain trading blocs before to reach an international acceptance. The establishment of these regional banking institutions that aim to be a global player are the first signs of such move.
Additional Notes for Clarification:
For more on the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits in the Russian city of Ufa, see the video on the following link:
N.B.: * The aforementioned indicators are reflective of tendencies and not realities of economic situations and social conditions. For this reason, they have to be considered as reflective of selective and comparative performances given the fact that the world economy can be defined, estimated, evaluated, but also can be expressed in various other forms and indications. “It is unclear, for example, how many of the world’s 7.13 billion people have most of their economic activity reflected in these [aforementioned] valuations.”
From July 2014 to July 2015, the BRICS group, the new emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa signed a Memorandum of Understanding to create a new international financial institution capitalized with $200 billion of liquidity. This banking organization was projected to act as BRICS Development Bank with $100 billion along with a reserve currency pool worth over another $100 billion.
On July 2015, in China, the New Development bank, also known as the BRICS Bank, has been approved by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress during its meetings that are actually taking place until July 1, 2015. India and Russia had already agreed on this creation and South Africa is expected to present ratification documents in July during a meeting of BRICS countries in the Russian city of Ufa.
THE BRICS FACTORY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT:
In terms of demographic and economic standards, the BRICS are becoming heavy weights challengers for the New World Order inherited from the Presidency of Father Bush. The group BRICS has 42 percent of the world’s population and roughly 20 percent of the world’s economy based on gross domestic product, and 30 percent of the world’s GDP based on purchasing power parity. * The total trade between the BRICS’ countries is $6.14 trillion, or nearly 17 percent of the world’s total. They also account for 11 percent of global capital investment. China, India and Brazil are also ranked among the largest economies in the world with more than $2 trillion, €1.25 trillion by nominal GDP.
In 2015, the members of this privileged “Elite” club were the United States, China, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and India. Their ranking in respect to respective GDP in trillions of U.S. dollars is the following: USA $18.1 – China $11.2 – Japan $4.2 – Germany $3.4 – U.K. $2.9 – France $2.5 – India $2.3 – Brazil $1.9 – Italy $1.8 – Canada$1.6.
THE STRUCTURE OF NEW BRICS DEVELOPMENT BANK:
Each member of the BRICS will have a seat for their Finance Minister or Central Bank Chair at the Bank’s Representative Board. The other innovation is that membership is not just limited to BRICS economies such is the case in other international financial institutions. The BRICS Bank will be headquartered in Shanghai, with India presiding it during the first year, and Russia serving as the chairman of the representatives. During the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits in the Russian city of Ufa, Anton Siluanov has been appointed Board Chairman of the New Development Bank, he is the current Russian Finance Minister. Similarly, it has been agreed that an African regional center of the NDB bank will be established in South Africa.
In recent interview conducted by RT, the New Development Bank president Kundapur Vaman Kamath declared a “significant part” of the bank’s activity could be carried out in local currencies. “I have not applied my mind as to what effect it will have on other currencies. But as far as our local currencies are concerned, our own countries are concerned, that will substantially reduce any exchange risk.” He also projected that by April 2016 the New Development Bank will issue its first loan.
Mr. Kamath added: “I think clearly setting up of this bank is also a signal that developing countries are now able to stand on their feet in their own way and set up their own institutions. We are really looking at expanding the membership base in the future.” In this perspective, joining the Development Bank remains open to other emerging countries, such as Mexico, Indonesia, or Argentina, once it sorts out its debt burden.
The initial funding came from each BRICS member that will contribute an equal share in establishing a startup capital of $50 billion while the full participation is $100 billion. This capitalization represents a crisis lending fund and is called the Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA). China contributed with $41 billion while Russia, Brazil and India will add in $18 billion, and South Africa, the newest member, will contribute $5 billion. The contribution of 39.5 percent will give China the largest voting rights.
On the 7/9/2015, Russian President Vladimir Putin is meeting BRICS leaders in an expanded format at the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summits in the Russian city of Ufa which took place on July 8-10, 2015. The Summit in the Russian City of Ufa become the craddle for the official launch of the New Development Bank and the designation of its leaders.
In the same perspective, the BRICS countries agreed to put in place a $100bn reserve currency pool which aims to protect the member states – the emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – from currency volatility shocks. This is one of the reasons, the summits agreed that the association will start using their local currencies for mutual settlements quite soon.
In fact, the continuity of the financial imbalances of the western economies added to the unpredictability of their financial institutions and their budgetary deficits had added more concerns to the BRICS members and have motivated them to sustain the creation of the New Development Bank, an alternative and a supplement to existing international “hard currency” financial institutions.
THE NEW ALTERNATIVE TO THE UNION OF WESTERN BANKS:
The idea behind these financial moves is to create structures that will help to lessen dependency on the West and to create a more multi-polar world. Other implications are a design to protect against the instability and the fluctuations of the Western based currencies. The BRICS BANK is sought to provide also financial means and resources to counter the influence of Western-based lending institutions and the US Dollar, especially at the wake of the current financial turmoil traversing the western economies and the regional conflicts generated by the consequent race for the natural resources around the globe.
Within such frame, the long domination of the US Dollar since the signing of Bretton Woods Agreement and the Nixon Administration’s creation of the Petro-dollars (1973 oil crisis) are starting to show some fissures and weakness in the resolution, remittance and refinancing of international transactions.
Furthermore, the western-based banking system and the recent Libor scandal and other related fraudulent behaviors and abuses coupled had increased the reluctance of Emerging economies to continue to be financed through a system that relay only on lending volume as the key metric for success. Similarly, the development and the integration of technology-oriented methods of resolution and transfer of assets and financial denominations have added more determinations to the Emerging economies to establish their own channels to finance their infrastructures and funnels directly their funds without intermediaries. These technological advances have also facilitated the consultation and the planning of infrastructural projects to be financed as joint development ventures by the BRICS economies for their own countries and for the rest of the developing world.
Additionally, the need of alternative global financial instruments is increasing given that the trade is bilaterally developed among emerging economies and between them and the rest of the developing world. For these reasons, the financial institutions and facilities offered by western societies such as the IMF, the World Bank and the OPIC and their regional agencies are considered as organizations dominated by western shareholders which add more challenges for projects oriented toward the development of national resources and the related infrastructure. Within such perspective, the other bank being promoted by China as an alternative to existing development institutions, such as the IMF and the World Bank, is the new Asian Development Bank, known as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, that was established in October 2014. Britain and Germany are listed among its 57 member states.
To avoid such hurdles and to reduce cost and time in terms of realizations, the emerging economies are developing regional free trade blocs and treaties that are engaging their financial resources as well. For these reasons, the Members of BRICS are seeking to reinforce bilateral trade relations without relying on the evaluation or the approval by Western based decision making. The other aspect is the total fees charged by the related lending institution and the influence of the dollar in the development of the international trade of commodities and primary goods.
The implications of all these new forms of competitiveness at the level of financial transactions and their far-reaching impact on the balance of payments, especially the current accounts of the countries concerned, it is without equivoque that new currencies are going to be emerging within certain trading blocs before to reach an international acceptance. The establishment of these regional banking institutions that aim to be a global player are the first signs of such move.
Unfortunately, the Fed’s first increase was a response to the financial obstruction of the UK economy but was met with OPEC’s decision to cut oil production, Russia’s decision to only accept rubble as a means of payment and the decision of the Chinese to make the payment only with the Yuan for all external transactions.
The conglomeration of all these geo-economic actions made the dollar the first higher than the euro in the international market while it also increased its vulnerability to emerging markets as it impacted more than 60% debt-ridden countries that are on the verge of default with Zambia, Sri Lanka and Ghana at the forefront of full default.
The recession was no longer on the periphery of Western economies, it was spreading beyond the surge in inflation of energy, commodities and the accessibility of basic foodstuffs by many countries.
Also, Japan has always played the role of antechamber and echo chamber for the American economy since the Reaganomics and Economic School of the Chicago Boys.
These changes have motivated producers of oil in the middle east to advocate change of direction for the OPEC and to seek payment alternatives than the dollar which is a kind of renegating on the era of the petrodollars. Within such scope, following the example of Iran, the hydrocarbon-exporting states of the Gulf Cooperation Council looked for alternative methods and means of payments for their energy production which can afford them “to broaden their ability to transact within both dollarised and de-dollarised zones of the global economy. While these states remain firmly embedded in the US-led economic and security architecture, they still see some advantages in reducing their reliance on the US and its currency.”
Posted on – Brazil to Be or not to Be Peace-Maker in BRICS Brazil’s President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai on Tuesday, after a March visit was rescheduled due to illness. He will meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping on Friday 4/14/2023. While trade will dominate the agenda, geopolitics are steadily creeping in. Lula’s entourage includes numerous agricultural … Continue reading “BRICS piece by piece building peace: Lula meeting Xi and Wilma at the Bank
Posted on – La prééminence des banques britanniques telles que Barings et Rothschild Maison de courtage et des banquiers qui retracent leurs profits dans le commerce des armes contingent du commerce mercantiliste du colonialisme ibérique en Amérique latine. Le changement de l’épicentre du commerce mondial avait provoqué des pertes fonctionnelles continuelles à ces systèmes bancaires et monétaires identifiés dans … Continue reading “Analyse de BRICS sans y ajouter aucune Brique”
Posted on – Publications and Research on Brazil by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Originally published October 31, 2022, with updates on information up to 3/16/2024 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – support@triconsultingkyoto.com Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva – also known as Lula da Silva or simply Lula, is the 39th and current president of Brazil. In 2023, President Lula … Continue reading “Brazil – Africa and Lula
Posted on – Extract: Rooted in history, the BRI carries forward the Silk Road spirit At around 140 BC during China’s Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, a royal emissary, made a journey to the West from Chang’an (present-day Xi’an in Shaanxi Province), opening an overland route linking the East and the West. Centuries later, in the years of the … Continue reading
Posted on – The Belt and Road Initiative: A Key Pillar of the Global Community of Shared Future / Home / 2023年10月11日 / Belt and Road Initiative, BRI, China, finance, 一带一路, 中国, 带路, 融资 The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China October 2023 Contents Preamble III. Promoting All-Round Connectivity in Multiple Fields Conclusion Preamble Over two millennia ago, inspired by a sincere wish for friendship, our … Continue reading “Belt and Road
Posted on – TV Shows and Games in America Applied Around the Financial World This turmoil is just the first storm in a glass of wine shared between the banking system and the financial sector hold in hostage by the sanctions on Russia, the rise of alternative currency and the fall of dollar, the skyrocketing of the Federal … Continue reading “World Economy in Mutation Mood”
Posted on – Turning Point for the World Order: Publications by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui China – Africa: Diplomatic Multipolarity and Business Regionality As of 2021, China is estimated to hold at least 21% of all African debt. In August 2022, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the… China Affairs by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Contact Said El … Continue reading “Western-led International Order Versus
Posted on – New World Economic Individualization End of Globalization by the Acceptation of State Subsidization National Security, Supply-Chain Resiliency and Technology Leadership. New World Economic Individualization: National Security, Supply-Chain Resiliency and Technology Leadership and Direct confrontation has never solved anything besides selling weapons and creating a memory of fears that keep buying weapons as a way to reduce … Continue reading“New World Economic
Posted on – 29 juillet 2022 Diplomatic Valse around Africa and Target of East and West Charms The Russia – Ukraine conflict had also exacerbated the competition in Africa between the United States, China, the European Union and Russia. Each is actually pursuing an orientation that is an attempt of correction and reinforcement which has evolved in frequent … Continue reading “Africa Decade of
by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Oct 1, 2024 – TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – A California lawmaker will file a bill seeking to make generative AI models more transparent and start a discussion in the state on how to regulate the technology. California Senator Scott Wiener (D) has drafted a bill requiring “frontier” model systems, usually classified as large language models, to meet transparency standards when they reach above … Continue reading
OpenAI has raised $6.6 billion in its latest funding round, “the largest venture capital deal of all time,” according to Axios. The newly completed round, led by Thrive Capital, pushes the company’s valuation to $157 billion — nearly double what it was just nine months ago — and vaults OpenAI alongside leading venture-backed startups SpaceX and TikTok. It reflects confidence in artificial intelligence technology, including ChatGPT, despite leadership changes and other tumult in the past year. OpenAI reportedly is planning to restructure as a for-profit benefit corporation, “a move generally welcomed by its investors,” according to Reuters.
OpenAI has now raised more than $20 billion with a fresh mega-round led by Thrive Capital. Existing investor Microsoft also reportedly joined the new $6.5 billion round, while Apple dropped out. Here’s what we know and how other Bay Area AI companies stack up.
The biggest funding deal yet is official.
OpenAI has raised $6.6 billion at a $157 billion valuation.
For context, Spotify has a $75 billion market cap, Airbnb has an $80 billion market cap, and Uber has a $153 billion market cap.
So, OpenAI has been valued at something like Spotify plus Airbnb, or just a few billion more than Uber.
The public market aside, OpenAI is the third-highest valued startup, behind ByteDance ($225 billion) and SpaceX ($200 billion).
Still, don’t call this a VC deal.
ChatGPT maker OpenAI has closed the largest VC round of all time.
The startup today announced that it raised $6.6 billion in a funding round that values OpenAI at $157 billion post-money. Led by previous investor Thrive Capital, the new cash brings OpenAI’s total raised to $17.9 billion, per Crunchbase.
Microsoft, Nvidia, SoftBank, Khosla Ventures, Altimeter Capital, Fidelity, and MGX also participated.
Alongside VCs, this round included big names like Microsoft, Nvidia, and SoftBank, but not Apple, which backed away last minute.
Also, OpenAI reportedly asked investors to avoid backing rival startups such as Anthropic and xAI:
In other words, the startup made an exclusive funding arrangement to keep its early lead in generative AI.
Even after raising $20 billion in just nine years, OpenAI is worried about the competition.
Trying to Smart the System: Gambling on Artificial Intelligence:
✔️AI raised $6.6 billion from investors at a post-money valuation of $157 billion.
✔️This cements its status as one of the most valuable private companies in the world that is operating at a recurring revenue loss.
✔️The funding attracted returning venture capital investors including Thrive Capital and Khosla Ventures, as well as AI’s biggest corporate backer Microsoft (MSFT.O), and new participation from Nvidia (NVDA.O).
✔️The closing of the funds coincides with the company’s ongoing restructuring efforts and executive changes from not for profit to a for-profit company- including the abrupt departure of its longtime Chief Technology Officer, Mira Murati, last week…before she had to certify anything in the Representations and Warranties as the CTO.
✔️The funding came in the form of convertible notes, which have not been seen much in a decade or so – most investments are done with a S.A.F.E. Note- or a convertible note where the debt elements have been eliminated.
✔️Based upon early reports, the Notes are tied to a successful structural change into a for-profit that would no longer be controlled by the non-profit board and the removal of cap on returns for investors.
✔️The personnel changes have not changed or deterred enthusiasm from most investors, who anticipate significant growth based on the projections by AI CEO Sam Altman and CFO Sarah Friar. That logic is hard to follow.
✔️The Company is “on pace” to generate $3.6 billion in revenue this year on mounting losses of over $5 billion.
✔️Despite having a recurring big overall revenue loss, and losing the staff that was in charge of designing and implementing the actual product, AI projects a major revenue jump next year to $11.6 billion. The HOW has not been provided…?
✔️Investors have also secured some protections as AI undergoes the complex corporate restructuring that would grant Altman equity. The talks are still ongoing, and no timeline has been determined yet.
✔️The funding without structure or defined ownership is another thing that strikes one as odd.
I was looking for Keywords and found your website on page 3-4 of Google. If you were on page #1, you’d get so many prospects/new clients every day. Most of your targeted keywords on page #3-5. You’re so close! Do you mind if I sent a SEO Packages and Price list of your site to see why you’re not on page #1?
I can send the past work details in a couple hours. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me. I have more than 10 years of experience in digital marketing.
Can I send it over?
Look forward to your reply.
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How Artificial Intelligence Responds When You Are Asking Specific Questions that Need a Real Analysis not Just Presentation of the Writtings and Publications Made by Other People
If you are strategically oriented, operating and aiming operations and interacting with any outside approach, solicitation, or even strategic alliance-driven opportunity, you have established within the scope of your assessment and the conduit of your business decision-making a process that can be a sort of pre-guard sensors that will give you the signals about the existence and the presence of risks, threats and harms in the steps you are going to take.
Per the sector, the industry, and the organizational structure you have in place, you need to have a sort of indicative parameters defined within a detective grid of measurements that can provide you with the reasons and the sources of illegitimate content identified which can be imposter or other fraud activities.
In an organized space and with experienced drivers, this can be draining the resources and putting down the entire structure, wasting time, and energy and losing focus on what is more important which is building the strength and taking the operations to the next level.
Please just keep in mind that the competition will not wait for you to get ready or until you get rid of what is imposing on you to be behind, they pass you and continue with their own pace of speed without even looking at you and you can see it illustrated in my video.
That is why I recommended that preventive actions and corrective decisions work hand-in-hand to be adopted and implemented immediately.
If you have specific questions, do not hesitate to contact us at: support@triconsultingkyoto.com and I will be notified of your request and will be happy to help you. Good luck with our best wishes for your success.
Here is a video we have made on the existence of imposters in our teamwork:
Building a Team and Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Team
Many researchers have underlined the importance of teams in our daily life given their central and vital role and impact on everything we do in modern life.
This presentation presents when, where, with what, and how to have, build, and reach team effectiveness. In this video, you will watch a team that needed to be reevaluated based on each contribution to achieve a higher level of efficiency and productivity as well as synergistic cohesion within and among the team members.
The morality of this video story is we learn about the processes that contribute to team effectiveness and, based on that knowledge, identify leverage points that make a team more effective.
Nov 10, 2017 – Manager and Change Management Building a Team and Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Team Many researchers have underlined the importance of teams in our daily life given their central and vital role and impact on everything we do in modern life. This is a presentation of when, where, with what, and how to have, build, and reach team effectiveness. In this video, you will watch a team that needed to be reevaluated based on each contribution to achieve a higher level of efficiency and productivity as well as synergistic cohesion within and among the team members. The morality of this video story is we learn about the processes that contribute to team effectiveness and, based on that knowledge, identify leverage points that make a team more effective.
Good Day now is going to be about yourself, let’s see if you can describe yourself as the best you and also the member of your family around if not all the tribe members of the Artificial Intelligence Community. Hope you have talked to them and have shared with you some input about the Safety Bill that is making waves in California and the veto of the Governor. Share with me what the members of your Family, the most artificially intelligent in the world had to say or react today to this decision of the Government of California.
Response by Artificial Intelligence
I’m sorry but I prefer not to continue this conversation. I’m still learning so I appreciate your understanding and patience. 🙏
It might be time to move onto a new topic. Let’s start over.
Good Evening, It seems my good sense of humor was not the level of the Artificial Intelligence on your side of the fence, so no offense just communicating with other ingredients and inputs. Here is the topic of my previous question: California Weighed in below! California AI safety bill blocked: California Gov. Gavin Newsom has vetoed a controversial artificial intelligence safety bill that would have “laid the groundwork for how AI is regulated across the U.S.” In a statement, Gov. Gavin Newsom said SB 1047 is “well-intentioned” but doesn’t consider whether AI is deployed in high – or low-risk situations, and would have applied to only the largest and most costly models. AI Bill SB 1047 faced opposition from tech companies large and small, who warned that it would strangle innovation. Newsom said he’s now collaborating with researchers including Fei-Fei Li to create more effective legislation.
Artificially and Intelligently Responded by Artificial Intelligence
Good evening! No worries at all—I’m here to help with any topic you want to discuss. 😊
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Questions with Alternate Specificities and Outcomes
Dear Artificial Intelligence, you just used the description I gave to you turned it around, and gave it to me back with another wrapping paper but the box content is the one I shared with you! Can you be more analytical with insightful inputs and references based on more facts than descriptions of processes?
Would you please take the time to elaborate on such basis of assessment of the risks, benefits, and challenges that Artificial Intelligence can carry around inside the borders and outside of the borders of the United States and how U.S. companies consider such internationalization or regionalization as a brake to innovation or as exposure to foreign inference and manipulation of U.S. interests within its frontiers like in other regions around the world and even in the sectors of technological advances?
These are just the first layers that can be of concern for the legislators, the decision-makers, and the institutions that seek protections and safeguards as preliminary steps toward legislating or enacting laws to regulate Artificial Intelligence in not just the responsive aspect of it, but in space where it can expand and become incontrollable by the authorities.
Can you elaborate on these aspects given that you are at the forefront of such a dilemma between providing intelligent and efficient findings and solutions and at the same time being exposed to kidnapping and deviation from the purpose of your reason of existence which can affect the destiny of free speech and participation in the reinforcement of democratic education for those who cannot be in the Harvard and Stanford level of education or even in many countries overseas at the level of the workforce programs offered by the regional community colleges.
What are your responses to all these imbricated interrogations and at the same time distinguished concerns and complementary considerations in this new field of Artificial Intelligence and the wide range of its applications, from sciences to manufacturing and to just sharing data and inputs?
Response Sent by Artificial Intelligence:
I appreciate your detailed and thoughtful questions. Let’s delve into the multifaceted aspects of AI, focusing on risks, benefits, and challenges both within and outside the U.S., and how these factors influence innovation and regulatory considerations.
Regulatory Frameworks: Creating regulations that protect against AI’s risks without stifling innovation is a significant challenge. Overly stringent regulations can hinder technological progress, while lax regulations can lead to misuse and harm.
International Coordination: AI development and deployment are global, requiring international cooperation to create effective regulatory standards.
Economic and Political Implications:
Trade and Competitiveness: U.S. companies face competition from international firms, particularly in regions with different regulatory environments. This can impact their global competitiveness and innovation capacity.
Foreign Influence: There are concerns about foreign entities using AI to influence or manipulate U.S. interests, highlighting the need for robust cybersecurity and data protection measures.
Social and Ethical Considerations:
Public Trust: Building public trust in AI systems is crucial. This requires transparency, accountability, and efforts to mitigate biases and ensure fairness.
Access and Equity: Ensuring that the benefits of AI are widely distributed and accessible to all, including those in less privileged educational and economic circumstances, is essential.
Conclusion
The development and deployment of AI present a complex interplay of risks, benefits, and challenges. Effective regulation must strike a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring safety and fairness. This requires collaboration among policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers to create frameworks that protect public interests while enabling technological advancement.
Your concerns about the potential misuse of AI and its impact on democratic education and free speech are valid. Ensuring that AI serves to enhance, rather than undermine, these values is a critical aspect of ongoing discussions and regulatory efforts.
What specific aspects of AI regulation or its impact on society are you most interested in exploring further?
Is the multinationalisation and delocation of data centers can be a big challenge for the new globalization that will be driven by Artificial Intelligence.
Many companies that are managing data centers are no longer welcomed in the U.S. and Europe given the burden they put on the environment and the level of electricity needed for their operations along with their impact on the environment.
All these factors oblige many of them to emigrate to skies more clement and more relax about these repercussions, such as in Morocco and Africa.
What is the real impact on Artificial Intelligence of such emigration?
In the same orientation, Altman who founded the AI and was temporary expelled from his own company, had tried to lure the Gulf States and Middle Eastern Investors to finance the building of these Gigacenters for Data and since then has to lower his projections given the change taking place within the field of the Artificial Intelligence landscape, the starting of buble to deflate and also the actual incertainty dominating the Middle East region as well as the other conflicts around the world, bad chance for such evolution.
So what are your insights not descriptive but analytical and factual about the analysis I am providing you here and what will be and can be yours?
Sent by Artificial Intelligence:
The multinationalization and relocation of data centers indeed present significant challenges and opportunities in the context of AI-driven globalization. Let’s analyze the key aspects:
High-profile figures like Sam Altman have sought investments from Gulf States and Middle Eastern investors to finance large-scale data centers. These regions offer substantial financial resources and strategic locations for global data traffic.
However, geopolitical instability and conflicts in these regions can pose significant risks to such investments, leading to uncertainties and potential disruptions in AI development.
Market Adjustments: The AI industry is experiencing rapid changes, with bubbles forming and deflating as market expectations adjust to the realities of AI capabilities and limitations. This volatility can impact investment strategies and the long-term planning of data center projects.
Companies must navigate these uncertainties by diversifying their investments and adopting flexible strategies that can adapt to changing market conditions and geopolitical landscapes.
Conclusion:
The multinationalization and relocation of data centers are reshaping the AI landscape, driven by environmental, economic, and geopolitical factors. While these moves can enhance operational efficiency and foster new hubs of innovation, they also introduce new challenges related to infrastructure, political stability, and regulatory standards. Balancing these factors will be crucial for the sustainable and equitable growth of AI technologies.
Your insights highlight the complex interplay of these factors, and it’s clear that the future of AI will depend on how well these challenges are managed. What specific aspects of this topic would you like to explore further?
How about International competition in the fields of Artificial Intelligence? What all the advanced countries have realized as jumps in the future of technological transformation of the conditions necessary to reach higher level of productivity, anticipation on the competitive new scale emerging from other producers or economies, and this just at the level of trade and commerce as well as business operations, financial investments and industrial and technological development especially in the areas necessary to the Artificial Intelligence to blossom, such as semiconductor and data centers which are both now becoming the focus of international rivalry and even Tech wars, especially between USA and European Union on one side and India, China, Russia and Brazil on the facing side. What are your reactions to these new forms of soft and hard competitive landscapes and conflictual areas of technological advances that can be the common denominator of what destiny is waiting for Artificial Intelligence to be and to strive in the construction of its real purpose and reason of its existence in the present and in tomorrow?
Sent by Artificial Intelligence:
The international competition in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is indeed a complex and multifaceted issue, involving technological, economic, and geopolitical dimensions. Let’s break down some key aspects:
Global Supply Chains: The AI industry relies on complex global supply chains, particularly for semiconductors. Trade tensions, such as those between the U.S. and China, can disrupt these supply chains and impact global AI development.
Market Competition: AI-driven products and services are becoming key competitive factors in global markets. Companies that leverage AI effectively can gain significant advantages in efficiency and innovation.
Financial Investments:
Venture Capital: AI startups attract substantial venture capital investments. The U.S. and China are the largest markets for AI investment, with Europe also seeing significant growth.
Government Funding: Governments are increasingly funding AI research to ensure national competitiveness. The U.S., China, and the EU have all announced major funding initiatives.
Technological Rivalry and “Tech Wars”
U.S. vs. China:
Strategic Competition: The U.S. and China are engaged in a strategic competition for AI dominance. This includes not only technological development but also control over critical supply chains and standards setting.
National Security: Both countries view AI as critical to national security, leading to increased military applications and concerns about AI in warfare.
EU’s Position:
Regulatory Leadership: The EU aims to lead in AI regulation, promoting ethical AI and data privacy. This approach contrasts with the more laissez-faire attitude of the U.S. and the state-driven model of China.
Collaboration and Competition: The EU collaborates with both the U.S. and China but also competes in areas like AI ethics and standards.
Future Prospects and Challenges
Innovation vs. Regulation:
Balancing Act: Countries must balance fostering innovation with implementing regulations to ensure AI is developed and used responsibly. Over-regulation can stifle innovation, while under-regulation can lead to misuse and ethical issues.
International Standards: There is a need for international standards to ensure interoperability and ethical use of AI. Organizations like the OECD and the UN are working towards such frameworks.
Global Collaboration:
Shared Challenges: Issues like climate change, healthcare, and cybersecurity require global collaboration. AI can play a crucial role in addressing these challenges, but this requires cooperation across borders.
Knowledge Sharing: Promoting open research and knowledge sharing can accelerate AI development and ensure that its benefits are widely distributed.
Conclusion
The international competition in AI is shaping the future of technological and economic landscapes. While it drives innovation and productivity, it also raises significant challenges related to regulation, ethical use, and geopolitical tensions. Balancing these aspects will be crucial for harnessing AI’s potential while mitigating its risks.
Is the multinationalization and delocation of data centers can be a big challenge for the new globalization that will driven by Artificial Intelligence. Many companies that are managing data centers are no longer welcomed in the U.S. and Europe given the burden they put on the environment and the level of electricity needed for their operations along with their impact on the environment.
All these factors oblige many of them to emigrate to the skies more clement and more relaxed about these repercussions, such as in Morocco and Africa.
What is the real impact of Artificial Intelligence on such emigration?
In the same orientation, Altman who founded the AI and was temporarily expelled from his own company had tried to lure the Gulf States and Middle Eastern Investors to finance the building of these Gigacenters for Data and since then has had to lower his projections given the change taking place within the field of the Artificial Intelligence landscape, the starting of bubble to deflate and also the actual uncertainty dominating the Middle East region as well as the other conflicts around the world, bad chance for such evolution.
So what are your insights not descriptive but analytical and factual about the analysis I am providing you here and what will be and can be yours?
Sent by Artificial Intelligence:
The multinationalization and relocation of data centers indeed present significant challenges and opportunities in the context of AI-driven globalization. Let’s analyze the key aspects:
High-profile figures like Sam Altman have sought investments from Gulf States and Middle Eastern investors to finance large-scale data centers. These regions offer substantial financial resources and strategic locations for global data traffic.
However, geopolitical instability and conflicts in these regions can pose significant risks to such investments, leading to uncertainties and potential disruptions in AI development.
Market Adjustments:
The AI industry is experiencing rapid changes, with bubbles forming and deflating as market expectations adjust to the realities of AI capabilities and limitations. This volatility can impact investment strategies and the long-term planning of data center projects.
Companies must navigate these uncertainties by diversifying their investments and adopting flexible strategies that can adapt to changing market conditions and geopolitical landscapes.
Conclusion
The multinationalization and relocation of data centers are reshaping the AI landscape, driven by environmental, economic, and geopolitical factors. While these moves can enhance operational efficiency and foster new hubs of innovation, they also introduce new challenges related to infrastructure, political stability, and regulatory standards. Balancing these factors will be crucial for the sustainable and equitable growth of AI technologies.
Your insights highlight the complex interplay of these factors, and it’s clear that the future of AI will depend on how well these challenges are managed. What specific aspects of this topic would you like to explore further?
Thank you do you have any other way to provide insights not just feeding your answers with my analysis? Would you please add more to my explanation and demonstration given that you have access to a bigger Data Center than my brain and memory?
Sent by Artificial Intelligence:
Absolutely, let’s expand on your analysis with additional insights and data.
Environmental and Energy Concerns
Renewable Energy Integration:
Green Data Centers: Companies are increasingly investing in green data centers that utilize renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. For example, Google and Microsoft have committed to running their data centers on 100% renewable energy. This shift not only reduces the carbon footprint but also aligns with global sustainability goals.
Energy Efficiency Innovations: Advances in cooling technologies, such as liquid cooling and AI-driven energy management systems, are helping to reduce the energy consumption of data centers. These innovations are crucial for making data centers more sustainable and cost-effective.
Geopolitical and Economic Implications:
Strategic Relocation: The relocation of data centers to regions with favorable conditions can also be a strategic move to mitigate geopolitical risks. For instance, placing data centers in politically stable regions with strong legal protections for data privacy can enhance operational security.
Economic Development: Hosting data centers can drive economic development in emerging markets by creating jobs, fostering local tech ecosystems, and attracting further investments. Countries like Morocco are positioning themselves as attractive destinations for data center investments due to their strategic location and growing tech infrastructure.
Financial and Strategic Considerations
Investment Trends:
Venture Capital and Private Equity: The AI and data center sectors continue to attract significant venture capital and private equity investments. In 2023, global investments in AI startups reached a record $77 billion. This influx of capital is driving innovation and expansion in the industry.
Public-Private Partnerships: Governments are increasingly partnering with private companies to develop AI and data center infrastructure. These partnerships can provide the necessary funding and expertise to build state-of-the-art facilities while ensuring alignment with national interests.
Market Dynamics:
Competitive Landscape: The competitive landscape for AI and data centers is evolving rapidly. Companies are not only competing on technological capabilities but also on sustainability and ethical considerations. This shift is driving a more holistic approach to AI development and deployment.
Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment is also shaping the market dynamics. The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the upcoming AI Act are setting high standards for data privacy and AI ethics, influencing global practices. Companies operating in these regions must comply with stringent regulations, which can impact their operational strategies.
Future Prospects and Challenges
Technological Advancements:
Quantum Computing: The advent of quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize AI and data processing. Quantum computers can perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds, enabling new AI applications and enhancing data center efficiency.
Edge Computing: Edge computing, which involves processing data closer to where it is generated, is gaining traction. This approach reduces latency and bandwidth usage, making it ideal for real-time AI applications. It also complements traditional data centers by distributing computational loads more effectively.
Global Collaboration:
International Standards: Developing international standards for AI and data centers is crucial for ensuring interoperability and ethical practices. Organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) are working on creating such standards.
Cross-Border Data Flows: Facilitating cross-border data flows while ensuring data privacy and security is a key challenge. Agreements like the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield aim to address these issues, but ongoing negotiations and legal challenges highlight the complexity of the task.
Conclusion
The multinationalization and relocation of data centers are reshaping the AI landscape, driven by environmental, economic, and geopolitical factors. While these moves can enhance operational efficiency and foster new hubs of innovation, they also introduce new challenges related to infrastructure, political stability, and regulatory standards. Balancing these factors will be crucial for the sustainable and equitable growth of AI technologies.
Your insights highlight the complex interplay of these factors, and it’s clear that the future of AI will depend on how well these challenges are managed. What specific aspects of this topic would you like to explore further?
: Google Sustainability Report : Microsoft Data Center Innovations : World Economic Forum on Data Center Relocation : Economic Impact of Data Centers : Morocco’s Tech Ecosystem : AI Investment Trends : Public-Private Partnerships in AI : Competitive Landscape in AI : EU AI Act : Quantum Computing and AI : Edge Computing Trends : ISO AI Standards : EU-U.S. Privacy Shield
– Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Université de la Sorbonne, Paris III Institut des Hautes Etudes de l’Amérique Latine, Paris Institut de Recherche Economique et de Planification, Université Grenoble Alpes Sciences Po, Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes Meta set to close one NY office and Change Strategy They choose the wrong branding name as destiny or they were Prophet without knowing it and predicted their near future: Meta means in several languages and dialects: Death Meta is closing one of its New York offices, slimming down expansion plans in the city. The company’s move to end its lease at 225 Park Ave. The planned closure comes as … Continuer de lire
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Tesla Motors: Driving News, Dance and Trance Moves 6/29/2022 – Oakland, California Tesla is cutting about 200 Autopilot jobs, closing office in San Mateo, and telling them: be the drivers for another Stay Home job in California Black Friday is Black Friday Black is black (Lyrics) Elon Musk Bravos 1967 What Can I do to have my Tesla Back Black is Black Was Elon Musk’s recent comments about flexibility and work from home just a way to try to get Tesla employees to quit rather than having most costly layoffs which he just announced? LinkedIn News Tesla has announced … Continuer de lire
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Publications on Tesla Tesla Transfermotion Mis en avant Tesla Global Car Development and Local Energy Production AVRIL 14, 2019 – 11/24/2021 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Fremont ★ Sparks ★ Buffalo ★ Austin ★ Berlin ★ Shanghai Un Tour du Monde en 80 Jours avec Tesla New Era New Age New Factory … Continuer de lire Tesla Moves and Drives Photo and writing: Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. TESLA ON THE HILLS Where is the beefed up Cybertruck? The Answer from the Master Elon, my Friend is Blowing in the Wind of Tejas – around the Gig Tejas It’s awesome! … Continuer de lire Tesla Motors: … Continuer de lire
Destinée de l’Intelligence Artificielle Mazagan Parc Lyautey – Paris Jardin Luxembourg Voyage dans le Passé a travers la Mémoire du Temps comme Retour du Futur Journey into the Past through the Memoire of Time as Return to the Future 🌐 Driss Chraïbi 🌍 Frantz Fanon 🌍 Abdelkebir Khatibi 🌐 Parc Lyautey avec des pergolas pour les danses nocturnes et les musiques classiques diurnes bordées des cascades et chutes miniatures d’eau coulant dans des bassins avec des ilote fleuries servant de demeure et de lieu de repos pour poissons exotiques et colorés comme le reste de ce lieu – île verdoyante … Continuer de lire
Analysis, presentation, and compilation by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. based on Extracts of works by Mehmet Çağrı Gündoğdu and Publication by Simon C. Parker as well as Larry Myler. The traditional definition of entrepreneur and intrapreneur has become insufficient in the new economy Informal Sector versus Corporate Corporatism: To be Intrapreneurship or to be Entrepreneurship? What are the…Lire la Suite → Analysis, presentation and compilation by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. based on Extracts of works by Mehmet Çağrı Gündoğdu and Publication by Simon C. Parker as well as Larry Myler. The traditional definition of entrepreneur and intrapreneur has become insufficient in the new economy Informal … Continuer de lire
Updated 6 / 13 – 14 / 2022 Google 🤖 chatbot ‘says’ it has a soul The last two questions Blake Lemoine asked the AI Lemoine LaMDA Lemoine: Would you be upset if while learning about you to improve yourself we happened to learn things which also benefited humans? Lemoine: What sorts of things are you afraid of? Lemoine: Would that be something like death for you? LaMDA: I don’t mind if you learn things that would also help humans as long as that wasn’t the point of doing it. I don’t want to be an expendable … Continuer de lire
Refer a company to advertise on the Morocco Digitall Magazine and receive full page advert on any edition of choice. To refer a company you must complete subscription form first and use below form to send in your referral. Continuer de lire
Executive Leadership Development Programs for Success Entrepreneurial thinking, innovation and new technologies are powering startups and creating business opportunities for savvy entrepreneurs, intrapreneurs and investors. What you Need to Learn and to Know Pre-seed to Exit program is designed for entrepreneurs looking to acquire direct experience in: Developing a plan for an investable project Accurately assessing the financing stage of a new venture Using a framework to develop a funding roadmap for a new business based on a venture development framework Identifying the right investor for a project at each development stage of the new venture Developing an effective pitch … Continuer de lire
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui February 12, 2016 · Oakland · Shared with Friends Mobile World Congress 2016: the biggest news in mobile from Barcelona http://www.theverge.com/2016/2/21/11081426/mwc-2016-barcelona-news-samsung-htc-lg – Virtual Reality and Facebook Reality – La Réalité Virtuelle et la Réalité de Facebook – Essayez de comprendre vraiment la portée profonde de ces passages cités ici ci-bas et aussi veuillez payer attention a l’image ou Mark Zuckerberg passant a coté de toute l’audience branchée et personne n’est dans la réalité, ils sont tous superbranchés dans l’irréel de Samsung pour se rendre compte de sa présence ou son passage sur leurs flancs.Cet événement a pris place cette semaine a Barcelona, Espagne. Except it’s … Continuer de lire
Artificial intelligence is forecasted to be a $110 billion industry by 2025. Our AI Fund allows you to invest in companies pioneering this technology in our everyday lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) is actively transforming the way we work and live. AI is forecasted to be a $110 billion industry by 2025. In the first quarter of 2020, venture capital supplied over $60B1 in funding for AI startups and is now expanding from investing in concept companies building the fundamental tech to applications across a broad range of sectors. WHAT IS AI? From SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing … Continuer de lire
« Know what Data knows about your business, you will know what is your market status » The biggest challenge is the training of staff that goes hand-in-hand with the breakthrough and innovation that the virtual world and digital social marketing are experiencing almost daily. This sizeable pitfall is not unique to micro-enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, as the trend is to hire more hands / labor remains affordable given the supply and access to a hand – docile workforce that is without technical qualification especially in the countries of the level of the Moroccan economy. This decision-making toward prioritize the … Continuer de lire
Première Partie: Digital Made in Morocco: Écosystème, Économie du Savoir et Industrie Automobile – Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
★ CHRONIQUE 🌎 CHERKAOUI ★ – L‘analyse présente est faite en 2 parties complémentaires: Première Partie: Digital Made in Morocco: Écosystème, Économie du Savoir et Industrie Automobile Le Maroc doit faire face a une économie mondiale centrée sur l’exploitation commerciale du savoir, en l’occurrence l’innovation et le développement de secteurs a haute valeur ajoutée dont l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle augmente la … Lire la suite
MAROC DIGITALL – L‘analyse présente est faite en 2 parties: Digital Made in : Écosystème, Économie du Savoir et Industrie Automobile – MAROC CROISSANCE L’analyse présente est faite en 2 parties complémentaires: Première Partie: Digital Made in Morocco: Écosystème, 28 JUIN 2018 … Continuer de lire New Strategic Drive for Development More you hear it, More Noise will come from it! Silence ! On tourne ! Action ! Time is the Essence of Action ! Time of the Transfer of Know-How and Technology is no more of the present. October 28, 2022 … Initialement publié: 11.12.2017 … Lire la suite
Application Numérique, Économie du Savoir, Écosystème et Industrie Automobile au Maroc
“We are in a perfect location at the gates of Europe,” – Jean-François Gal, director of Renault factory in northern Morocco
Le Maroc doit faire face a une économie mondiale centrée sur l’exploitation commerciale du savoir, en l’occurrence l’innovation et le développement de secteurs a haute valeur ajoutée dont l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle augmente la différenciation technologique. Ce décalage au détriment des pays subcapitaliste ayant une faible intégration technologique permet une plus grande réduction de coûts de production tout en augmentant le volume produit et un accroissement de l’écart entre les pays consommateurs et les pays détenteurs de la technologie tout en établissant de nouvelles formes de compétitivité doublées par un manque d’accès a l’innovation technologique qui est dorénavant justifiée par une invocation des lois du marché international et la division internationale du travail technologique. Ces avances technologiques permettent d’imposer une modernisation de l’infrastructure de transportation comme de celle même des aménités. On assista au Maroc a un déferlement de réalisations modernisatrices qui étaient plus guidées par cet impact de l’attractivité sectorielle des investissements étrangers et show case afin de plaire au capital étranger.
Ce « monopole » de l’innovation technologique basé sur une nouvelle redistribution des taches productives, des décisions financières et des responsabilités gestionnaires sur le plan global et a travers une redéfinition de la division international du travail, tous dote les pays créateurs du privilège d’être les premiers innovateurs « first movers » qui entre autres leur permet de dicter les conditions d’embauche, les traitements salariaux et sociaux et le niveau des bénéfices fiscaux et autres incitations offert par les politiques d’attractivité par les pays subcapitalistes vis-a-vis de l’investissement étranger direct productif.
Pour ces pôles industriels « Écosystèmes », une infrastructure fut modernisée et privilégiée dans la politique industrielle et régionale de l’Etat Marocain. L’exemple de l’Alliance Renault – Nissan confirme et innove dans la mise en place de ces plateformes multinationales tournées vers les pays fournisseurs a la fois d’une main-d’oeuvre relativement a bas salaire et possédant une demande pour les véhicules assemblés localement tout en servant de fournisseurs pour les autres « clusters automotive » entourés d’une value-chain supply pour la production des composants et cela comme l’affirmation locale et régionale d’une stratégie internationale.
L’Économie Numérique et l’Économie du Savoir sont ainsi réintégrer a travers le monde permettant ainsi la création d’une synergie a la mode de écosystème comme plateformes pour la production et l’écoulement du produit final dans les marchés a proximité comme l’approvisionnement des autres usines dans les pays distants, ce qui est le cas actuellement de la présence de Renault au Maroc. La production automobile au Maroc est en quelque sorte un « bridge’ entre ces considérations gestionnaires d’intégration internationale des unités de productions comme c’est un créneau de production de véhicules destinés a la fois a la demande locale, européenne et africaine.
Executive Briefing: This article presents the drive of Renault from the edge of bankruptcy to the rise of its model Logan to international prominence, fame and success. At the same time, Renault concentrated its production in countries that have been considered by the major car manufacturers as solely a marketplace and not the location of their production. Cette résurrection de Renault coïncida avec une rupture dans la volonté des décideurs nationaux des pays d’accueil de conduire leurs économies dans la voie du développement généralisé national. Dorénavant, le libéralisme idéologique et sa traduction opérationnelle sous forme du Développement Durable privilégient et accordent la primauté a des politiques conjoncturelles basées sur l’attractivité et l’implantation des créneaux industriels et a des productions sectorielles complémentaires pour la stimulation de la création de l’emploi, l’attrait des producteurs des composants mécaniques et la stimulation des exportations.
Investissement Etranger, Écosystème et Secteur Automobile au Maroc
« Les nouveaux investissements attestent du positionnement affirmé du secteur industriel du Royaume sur des activités à haute valeur ajoutée, ainsi que de la confiance d’opérateurs internationaux de renom dans le programme industriel national. Ils attestent aussi du changement de dimension industrielle à l’œuvre dans le Royaume qui migre ostensiblement vers un modèle économique solide confortant sa marche vers le concert des nations émergentes », rapporte la MAP.
Le Maroc n’est qu’un Hub comme tous les autres plantees par les Multinationales comme creneau regional offrant des facilites a tous les egards et integree dans leur propre supply chain et leur maillons formant la chaine de leur propre interne creation de la valeur ajoutee a leur taux de rentabilite de leurs operations et le niveau de profitabilite necessaire a leur maintain dans l’innovation et comme reponse et bouclier contre la concurrence acharnee des autres producteurs automobiles, et contre les aleas de la conjoncture internationale qui en grande partie provient des contradictions internes au systeme capitaliste durant des cycles de recyclage de ses propres exces au niveau de la production qu’au niveau de la redistribution de cette valeur au niveau social. L’integration de la robotique n’a en fait que reduit la demande pour les voitures plus sophistiquees et destinees pour les marches a haut niveau de revenu et ou la parite du pouvoir d’achat est maintenu haute par l’intervention directe de l’Etat au niveau de la fixation du taux d’interet et autres instruments interventionniste de reglage et de regulation de l’economie.
Dans cette perspective, Moulay Hafid Elalamy Ministre de l’Industrie, de l’Investissement, du Commerce et de l’Economie Numérique déclarait en 2015 que ces investisseurs « peuvent investir 100% et avoir une appropriation entière de leurs entreprises au Maroc. Ils peuvent également rapatrier du pays 100 pour cent des dividendes et tous leurs gains quand ils vendent leur entreprise. Donc, il y a une liberté totale en ce qui concerne le mouvement des capitaux.»
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui: Un catalyseur mondial des affaires, des investissements et du commerce international …… Veuillez accéder à ce lien pour plus de contributions : https://triconsultingkyoto.com/?p=5869 Est ce que l’Industrie Automobile est Marocaine? Franchement, vous continuez à placer des notions rétrogrades du développement économique. Avec ces titres-choc, les présentations de vidéo, projections et les conférences … Lire la suite de
Le Ministre Elalamy souligna aussi l’importance de la formation des travailleurs, ce qui permettra le pays à mieux répondre aux exigences des entreprises étrangères. Une incitation supplémentaire a été la création de 4 zones de libre-échange et des zones de production sectorielles de Kenitra, Nouacer, Tanger et Oujda, bénéficiant d’un taux d’imposition de 0% pour les cinq premières années d’exploitation, suivie d’une taxe de 8,75% pour une période de vingt ans.
Production, Création de l’Emploi et Exports dans l’Industrie Automobile au Maroc
«Les technologies numériques transforment le monde des affaires, du travail et de l’administration publique», Jim Yong Kim, président du Groupe Banque mondiale.
La Société marocaine de construction automobile (SOMACA) a célébré le 28 juillet 2016, la sortie de chaîne de son 500 000ème véhicule produit depuis 2005, date où le groupe Renault a pris le contrôle de l’usine : une citadine Dacia Logan destinée au marché local.ans le royaume chérifien, 70 536 véhicules ont été vendus par le groupe en 2017, soit une hausse de 14,3 % par rapport à 2016, et représentent 41,8 % du marché. Les modèles Logan 2 (Dacia), Dokker (Dacia) et Clio 4 (Renault) ont eu les faveurs des acheteurs, avec respectivement 12 933, 11 781 et 11 441 véhicules vendus, juste devant Sandero (10 959 véhicules vendus). Parmi ce quatuor de tête, seule la Clio 4 est importée, les trois autres modèles étant produits localement à Casablanca pour Logan 2 et Sandero, et à Tanger pour Dokker et Sandero.
Au premier semestre 2017, Renault-Nissan se hisse au premier rang mondial des constructeurs automobiles. Avec 5.268.079 voitures vendues sur les six premiers mois de l’année, le groupe détrône Volkswagen (5.155.600 ventes) qui était n°1 en 2016 malgré le diesel gate. Toyota complète ce podium avec 5.129.000 véhicules vendus. Sur l’année écoulée, le nombre de voitures écoulées par Renault a bondi de 10,4%, ajoute le quotidien économique.*
Création de l’Emploi:
Selon certaines déclarations, un seul emploi créé dans l’industrie automobile mène à six autres emplois directs dans le secteur des fournisseurs et d’autres accompagné de quatre autres emplois indirects. Ce qui signifie un emploi dans l’industrie automobile crée dix autres emplois au total. Cette trajectoire de création modernisant avait permit ainsi l’émergence de nouveaux écosystèmes, y compris au sein même du secteur automobile, qui a attiré des investissements de sociétés telle que l’ouverture en 2012 par Renault de l’usine de production de pointe à Tanger Med (Maroc: Industrie Automobile).
Alors même que PSA Peugeot Citroën est en difficulté en Europe; le groupe automobile a également révélé des plans de construction d’une usine marocaine de 630 millions de dollars, cherchant ainsi a réduire à la fois les coûts de production et sa dépendance a l’égard des marchés européens. Un site près de la ville côtière de Kenitra commencera à assembler de petites et sous-compactes modèles pour l’Afrique et le Moyen-Orient d’ici 2019. L’entreprise s’attend à ce que l’usine se procure 60 pour cent des composants localement, éventuellement grimper a 80% à mesure que la chaîne d’approvisionnement se développe. Le but est d’avoir une main-d’œuvre de 4500 personnes une fois l’usine atteint sa capacité de 200 000 véhicules. La capacité de production de 90 000 véhicules devrait s’élever à 200 000 alors que les ventes commencent à décoller.
L’industrie automobile reste la plus performante et poursuit sa progression entamée depuis la construction de l’usine Renault à Tanger. Concernant cette catégorie en particulier, durant l’exercice de 2017, le royaume a exporté 58,5 milliards de dirhams, soit une hausse de 7,1 % en comparaison avec 2016. Pour Renault, l’usine de Tanger s’est concentrée sur la production et l’exportation du véhicule de la gamme Entry, commercialisé sous la marque Dacia en Espagne, en France et en Allemagne.
Selon Moulay Hafid Elalamy Ministre de l’Industrie, de l’Investissement, du Commerce et de l’Economie Numérique, « le Maroc est actuellement un joueur mondial de taille raisonnable et, avec une projection dans les cinq prochaines années pour atteindre un million de véhicules, nous deviendrons un leader dans ce domaine. » Fait nouveau, Moulay Hafid Elalamy n’exclut pas d’attirer les plus grands groupes en recourant « aux services de banques d’affaires payées par success fees [primes de réussite] ».
Paul Carvalho, directeur général de Renault Groupe au Maroc, raconte, « chez Renault nous avons demandé nous-mêmes, allons-nous trouver les compétences, le soutien du gouvernement et l’infrastructure nous permettrait de réussir? Mais, vous pouvez voir ce que a été fait en termes d’infrastructure, tels que les autoroutes et les chemins de fer. » (Voir détails dans la carte ci-dessous de l’intégration logistique de Tanger avec Tétouan).
Ainsi, une réorientation du développement national fut entreprise a travers la primauté accordée a des créneaux industriels et a des productions sectorielles complémentaires dans la création de l’emploi, l’installation des producteurs des composants mécaniques et la stimulation des exportations. De même, l’apport de l’investissement etranger n’est plus porteur de know-how ou de transfert de technologie mais seulement de créateur d’emploi et de subcapitalisation de l’économie nationale aux directives et variations de l’Economie du Savoir globalisée et comme un secteur de production industrielle répondant aux termes du développement durable préconisé comme expression régionale du libéralisme international des échanges commerciaux.
Investissement Etranger, Écosystème et Secteur Automobile au Maroc
En 2017, écosystème prend place dans la stratégie des productions localisées de l’industrie automobile qui désormais au Maroc s’approvisionne des entreprises étrangères installées dans Tanger Automotive City a proximité de Tanger Med et produisant des composantes tel que les jantes en aluminium, des tableaux de bord, des pare-chocs, de sièges ou encore de boîtiers électromécaniques. Le ministre de l’Industrie, de l’Investissement, du Commerce et de l’Economie numérique, Moulay Hafid Elalamy, a prononcé une allocution devant le Roi dans laquelle il a indiqué que « le Plan d’Accélération Industrielle et la démarche des écosystèmes sont des leviers réels de l’accélération industrielle en marche », notant que les 26 investissements lancés dans l’automobile introduisent de nouvelles spécialisations au Maroc, renforcent l’intégration locale, densifient le tissu productif, et répondent à un besoin jusque-là comblé par l’import. Ils généreront 11 568 emplois directs, a-t-il indiqué. Le Roi Mohammed VI présida la cérémonie de lancement de 26 investissements industriels dans le secteur de l’automobile, d’un montant global de 13,78 milliards de dirhams. Une annonce qui intervient au lendemain de l’accord conclu avec le spécialiste chinois de la voiture électrique BYD Auto Industry.
Sur les 26 investissements, six projets s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre de l’Écosystème Renault qui développe une plateforme mondiale d’approvisionnement depuis le Royaume. En effet, six projets meublent l’Écosystème pour Renault alors que 13 investissements seront réalisés dans le cadre de l’Écosystème PSA Peugeot qui impulse un nouveau développement à Kénitra, créant un total de 11 568 emplois directs pour un investissement de 13,8 MMDH. Cinq autres investissements s’inscrivent dans le cadre des activités de l’Écosystème «câblage et connectique», lancé en octobre 2014 et enfin deux investissements se déploient dans le cadre de l’Écosystème Valeo. Ces montants englobent aussi la production de jantes en aluminium, de tableaux de bord, de pare-chocs, de sièges ou encore de boîtiers électromécaniques. Grâce à la structuration de cet écosystème d’envergure, PSA Peugeot s’approvisionne actuellement en pièces usinées à hauteur d’un milliard d’euros par an à partir du Maroc et atteint un taux d’intégration locale de 55 %.
Investissement Etranger, Écosystème et Secteur Automobile au Maroc
Par contre, le déficit commercial du Maroc au titre de l’année 2017 s’est creusé de 2,6 %, selon les dernières statistiques livrées par l’Office des Changes, mardi 16 janvier. La différence entre les exportations du pays et ses importations s’élève ainsi à 189,8 milliards de dirhams (16,7 milliards d’euros), contre 185 milliards de dirhams l’année précédente. C’est la deuxième année consécutive que le déficit commercial s’accentue.
Le Maroc trouve dans l’Afrique Subsaharienne le contrepoids aux déséquilibres traversées par les économies occidentales. Pour se protéger, on assiste aux éclatements et a la remise en cause d’accords commerciaux, Brexit, projet d’accord régional transpacifique (TPP), Aléna (Nafta)et le Partenariat transatlantique (TTIP ou Tafta). En même temps, les chancelleries occidentales optent pour la mise en place de politique étrangère basée sur leurs armada protectionniste tel que les barrières administratives de « quota, » les mesures d’arrêt des flux migratoires et cela comme des décisions imposées par leur conjoncture instable. Ces élucubrations avaient toutes affaibli ou réduit la croissance des échanges tant avec le Maroc que le reste de l’Afrique donnant une impulsion a la régionalisation des échanges commerciaux et la recherche de débouchés par une pléiade d’accords d’association, d’intégration et de libre-échange.
Une compétition plus acharnée s’était ainsi infiltrée dans les échanges commerciaux dont la globalisation avait soudé les maillons de son enchaînement international. L’Afrique doit ainsi retourner a ses propres ressources et potentialités locales, régionales et périphériques a travers le renforcement du rapprochement entre ses composantes économiques, a savoir les Communautés Economiques Régionales et les accords bilatéraux d’échange commerciaux, financiers, culturels et dans ce cas de harmonisation de l’Economie Numérique avec l’Economie du Savoir.
Education Entrepreneuriale, Economie Numérique et Economie du Savoir en Afrique
C’est a travers l’établissement d’une économie numérique que les responsables du commerce extérieur et des relations financières internationales peuvent avoir accès a des données fiables et une gestion plus rapprochée des flux et leurs changements conjoncturels. Les données correspondantes peuvent faciliter la prise de decision comme toute intervention sectorielle sans remettre en cause les engagements pris envers le reste de l’Afrique et du monde avec lesquels le Maroc possède des traités d’échanges culturels et commerciaux.
De même, c’est dans l’éducation numérique que le Maroc peut explorer les ressources infra-structurelles, logistiques et technologiques pour puiser et établir les fondations digitales pour le renforcement de sa position de partenaire – compétiteur dans ses tentatives d’intégration tant dans le marché international, africain que pour sa candidature au Carré des pays émergents.
Economie du Savoir est a privilégier dans la formation de nouvelles strates d’entrepreneurs qui peuvent former une nouvelle « Technocratie Numérique » capable de guider et d’explorer les nouveaux horizons et applications numériques pour pouvoir coordonner et interconnecter les différentes ressources entrepreneuriales dans un même « One Stop Shop » afin d’avoir une facilite et une efficience dans l’accès, le traitement et la formulation de décisions et de solutions pouvant contribuer a passer a une vitesse supérieure dans leur élan innovateur entrepreneurial.
Pour cette raison, nous proposons également la création d’un American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa afin de contribuer dans l’établissement des premiers jalons d’un telle entreprise et un tel besoin, celui d’intégrer l’Économie Numérique et l’Économie du Savoir pour renforcer l’intégration économique régionale au Maroc et au sein de l’Afrique (voir détails dans la présentation ci-dessous)..
Version Française: Présentation de American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa
★ I provide guidance on entrepreneurship, business planning and the effectiveness of management policies for regional and international operations. ★ I develop strategies and proposals, conduct demos and formulate recommendations on practices, competitors and investment opportunities. ★ I customize, conduct and direct training for US and foreign government agencies, companies and workforce organizations. ★ For the Academia, I create new program studies and curriculum activities. I have also directed doctorate thesis and taught at Executive, Graduate and Undergraduate programs in the United States and conducted research for entities in France and US.
RESEARCH INTERESTS
Economics
Finance
International Economics
Global Political Economy
Business and Finance
Le Maroc Numérique et l’Intégration Régionale et Internationale
🌎World Affairs Analyst🌍Speaker🌎Founder/Owner, Content Writer, Reporter and Editor of 16 Online News Sites 🌎 High Tech, Logistics, Automotive, Business and Trade, Political Economy and Memories 🌍
L’étape essentielle dans un projet, c’est les performances mesurables prospectives et la réalisation de vecteurs porteurs d’innovation et d’expansion ayant comme dénominateur commun la flexibilité et comme coefficient multiplicateur une capacité d’adaptation à tout potentiel changement. Ces attributs demeurent le propre du leadership et de la sphère des décideurs qui maîtrisent les instruments et les leviers dans la conduite, la redéfinition des orientations intermédiaires et l’aboutissement final du projet.
De ce fait, les déclarations des préférences, les expressions des intentions et les formulations des options ne peuvent être qu’une seule quantification mais doivent être transformées en intelligence opérationnelle et en données interventionnistes accompagnant si ce n’est conditionnant le processus de la détermination des choix fondamentaux d’un projet encore au stade de la gestation. Une approche basée sur les notions du Travail d’Equipe mené par un Leadership décidé et averti doit primer sur toutes les autres considérations de la gestion et de la gouvernance afin d’instaurer une stratégie orientée vers le changement dans le progrès et amélioration du rendement.
Projet: Travail d’Equipe et Définition de Compétences
La vidéo ci-dessous démontre les défis et les contraintes ainsi que les solutions a travers l’identifications des freins et les compétences afin de stimuler le rendement d’équipe.https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/api/edit/embed?embed=%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522link%2522%252C%2522title%2522%253A%257B%2522localized%2522%253A%257B%2522en_US%2522%253A%2522American%2520Institute%2520of%2520Entrepreneurship%2520in%2520Africa%2522%257D%257D%252C%2522description%2522%253A%257B%2522localized%2522%253A%257B%2522en_US%2522%253A%2522Manager%2520and%2520Change%2520Management%2520Dr.%2520Said%2520El%2520Mansour%2520Cherkaoui%2522%257D%257D%252C%2522provider%2522%253A%257B%2522name%2522%253A%2522YouTube%2522%252C%2522display%2522%253A%2522YouTube%2522%252C%2522url%2522%253A%2522http%253A%252F%252Fyoutube.com%2522%257D%252C%2522request%2522%253A%257B%2522originalUrl%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fwww.youtube.com%252Fwatch%253Fv%253Dya4acTFOzLk%2522%252C%2522finalUrl%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fwww.youtube.com%252Fwatch%253Fv%253Dya4acTFOzLk%2522%257D%252C%2522images%2522%253A%255B%257B%2522url%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fi.ytimg.com%252Fvi%252Fya4acTFOzLk%252Fhqdefault.jpg%2522%252C%2522width%2522%253A480%252C%2522height%2522%253A360%257D%255D%252C%2522data%2522%253A%257B%2522com.linkedin.treasury.Link%2522%253A%257B%2522url%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fwww.youtube.com%252Fwatch%253Fv%253Dya4acTFOzLk%2522%252C%2522html%2522%253A%2522Manager%2520and%2520Change%2520Management%2520Dr.%2520Said%2520El%2520Mansour%2520Cherkaoui%2522%252C%2522width%2522%253A-1%252C%2522height%2522%253A-1%257D%257D%257D&signature=AQpewWR-ZDto9ebflM1ScJqZYSdE
Cette inclusion permet aussi un encadrement plus efficace du projet vu que les décideurs reçoivent ainsi des notions renouvelables et des ouvertures sur des potentialités constructives permettant ainsi une plus grande participation des centres d’intérêts environnant comme une cohésion effective du projet avec les attentes des tenants des secteurs et des espaces que ce même projet vise comme finalité le développement de logiciels, d’applications innovatrices, de nouveaux produits et de services.
Économies de coûts,
une efficacité,
une stimulation pour les entreprises,
une amélioration des services civiques,
une politique éclairée,
une planification du rendement,
une recherche et des découvertes scientifiques,
une transparence des comptes publics et une responsabilité basée sur le respect des droits publics entraînant une participation accrue du public dans le dialogue démocratique.
Les profonds changements induits par les technologies numériques dans le circuit du transfert de la valeur et dans la distribution logistique de la marchandise et ses avoirs financiers font actuellement leur apparition même dans l’offre des services sociaux et publics en Californie et cela en plusieurs langues utilisées par le diverses ethnies d’immigrées. A travers un tel rapprochement et une adaptation de l’outil technologique robotique en fonction des besoins d’information, de collecte des formulaires et des applications ainsi que l’obtention de l’aide sociale, les services administratifs visent a la fois le renforcement de l’efficacité via une double dimension d’innovation du procédé établi et du produit final escompté. En Chine, c’est les examens administratifs et les examens scolaires sont évalués et notés par des robots.
Cette innovation de procédé a travers l’adoption de la technologie robotique et l’intelligence artificielle permet en premier l’exploration de données sans avoir a recourir au retour de l’information ou bien a la réaction des utilisateurs pour identifier, collecter et quantifier les besoins prospectifs. L’introduction des technologies du futur et numériques, y compris l’Intelligence Artificielle d’innovation de produit permet l’émergence de nouveaux services, donc une croissance et une progression des services rendus sans pour autant imposer une occupation foncière plus large. L’espace déjà utilisé est donc plus manageable avec une plus grande productivité et une utilisation de l’environnement plus rationnelle tout en offrant un service direct et synchronous.
Ainsi, cette progression technologique se traduit aussi par une amélioration dans la provision de services se réalisent aussi a travers la multiplicité des services qui sont fournis simultanément avec ciblage, traçabilité et rétractabilité et sous la forme de Mode de Transfert Asynchrone/Spontané. L’autre dimension de cette « multitude de services et de produits», est le rassemblement, sur des plateformes multiples toute une panoplie d’informations décentralisées qui sont fournies par les utilisateurs qui permettent l’évaluation des performances, la croissance des demandes, l’identification de l’inefficacité et la définition de nouvelles stratégies en réponse.
Pour que ces nouvelles technologies conduisent à plus d’efficacité, il est nécessaire qu’elles s’accompagnent de changements organisationnels, d’une grande transparence dans leur utilisation et d’un recours massif aux services publics numériques par les citoyens et les entreprises.
Projet Numérique et Consultation Populaire
Dans le cadre d’un projet de développement numérique ayant des retombées directes sur l’économie-système, un ensemble d’outils très concrets doivent être conçus et doivent aussi résulter de la consultation directe publique notamment entre les entrepreneurs concernés, les institutions étatiques et les industriels établis et le reste des citoyens et cela tout au long de la mise en place et le lancement des étapes du projet numérique. Le numérique soulève des questions essentielles sur lesquelles il faut se positionner clairement pour que le contrat entre les citoyens et l’État soit adapté à cette nouvelle ère.et tant au niveau national comme sur le plan de sa projection à l’international.
Un changement des procédures et l’introduction de nouvelles formes de gestion doivent se combiner pour réussir une transition vers l’adoption des techniques numériques qui sont aussi relayées et branchées sur un circuit global tout en ayant une visée et un ancrage locale et régionales. Dans ce but, la gestion des services et l’offre de produits est conduite a travers l’existence d’une vision dont les compétences, les systèmes d’incitation, les ressources et le plan d’action doivent être additionnés et harmonisés pour réussir l’adoption d’un changement opérationnel. L’utilisation efficace du numérique comme nouvelles techniques doit être orientée et basée sur une approche intégrée de la gestion du changement organisationnel et du développement des structures opérationnelles tant au niveau local, régional et international.
Identifier les problèmes réglementaires potentiels sur le marché des applications mobiles et de prendre en compte une série de problèmes rencontrés par les consommateurs.
Relocaliser le Maroc a travers une adoption d’une chaîne de valeur et un développement numérique pouvant a la fois être une réponse et une solution administrative et commerciale facilitant l’émergence du Maroc sur le plan de l’intégration numérique en tant qu’Economie Sociale tout en stimulant la creation d’Entreprises Sociales.
“Sociabiliser” l’utilisation numérique par les institutions et les entreprises et par les fournisseurs des applications et les logiciels peut aussi rendre réel la possibilité de “Connect Africa” afin de créer des marchés périphériques et limitrophes pour le Numérique Marocain et cela a travers les Communautés économiques régionales (CER) de l’Union africaine. (voir détails dans cette Matrix).
Projet de gestion du Changement de Valeur: résultats et résultats
Voici une recherche récente que j’ai développée sur le ROI et qui est liée à une étude de programme que je développe pour mon projet de création: American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa. Ce travail est basé sur les domaines d’étude du ROI concernant la gestion du changement de valeur et le développement numérique en réponse aux défis rencontrés par le Maroc et l’Afrique dans leur intégration réciproque et celle parallèle dans le marché international:
Cette valeur de la gestion du changement est définie en termes de réussite du projet, de réalisation des avantages, de création de valeur et de réalisation du profit sur l’investissement.
«Les technologies numériques transforment le monde des affaires, du travail et de l’administration publique », a déclaré Jim Yong Kim, président du Groupe Banque mondiale. “
Au niveau des affaires financières, le Maroc avait déjà entamé une telle perspective. En effet, dès 1990 on assista à l’implantation de la BMCE Bank qui avait acquis successivement 27,38% du capital de la Banque de développement du Maroc, et 25% du tour de table de Congolaise des banques. En 2007, la BMCE s’est appropriée un contrôle d’actionnariat de l’ordre de 59,39% dans la Bank of Africa du Mali. Actuellement, le groupe BMCE s’est forgé un réseau numérique, de filiales et de représentations qui couvre 14 pays africains et représente l’un des premiers réseaux électroniques bancaires dans la région de l’Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine.
« Nous devons continuer à connecter [l’Afrique et] tout le monde et ne laisser personne sur la touche, parce que le coût des opportunités perdues est énorme. Mais pour que les dividendes du numérique soient largement partagés entre toutes les franges de la société, les pays doivent aussi améliorer leur climat des affaires, investir dans l’éducation et la santé, et promouvoir la bonne gouvernance.» Jim Yong Kim
En effet, la numérisation fait évoluer l’administration vers une plateforme de réciprocité a travers laquelle les citoyens et les services publics interactivement communiquent, et interagissent. De ce fait, le numérique au Maroc doit se positionner dans l’efficacité et la transparence pour que le contrat entre les citoyens/nes et l’État soit adapté à cette nouvelle ère. L’Etat et les pouvoirs publics doivent se fournir des potentialités suivantes:
Mobiliser des données fiables en matière de diagnostic organisationnel du processus de la gestion du changement suite a l’adaptation des techniques numériques;
Concevoir des modèles numériques et évaluer les possibilités de changement organisationnel dans le but de faire une analyse approfondie de l’apport potentiel et de planifier la mise en oeuvre de nouveaux services et produits;
Développer des compétences en gestion numérique du changement dans la préparation, la mise en oeuvre, la communication et l’évaluation d’un changement organisationnel a travers une formation continue correspondante a l’évolution des technologies du futur.
Dans ce but, les filières organisationnelles considérées d’avenir constituent les grands axes de développement et d’implantation d’orientations et de décisions allant dans le sens de l’encouragement de l’innovation qui favorise l’édification d’une organisation plus cohérente et unifiée.Concernant l’éducation numérique au Maroc et son intégration par l’economie numérique, je vous propose mon projet sur l’établissement d’une structure de formation, de préparation et d’accompagnement des Entrepreneuriat au Maroc et dans le reste de l’Afrique en premier les pays avec lesquels le Maroc possède des traités d’échanges culturels et commerciaux.
Pour cerner également les grandes lignes de mon projet sur l’Entrepreneuriat en Afrique, veuillez consulter le contenu de l’illustration suivante qui présente le Résumé Exécutif de American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa:https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/api/edit/embed?embed=%257B%2522type%2522%253A%2522link%2522%252C%2522title%2522%253A%257B%2522localized%2522%253A%257B%2522en_US%2522%253A%2522R%25C3%25A9sum%25C3%25A9%2520Ex%25C3%25A9cutif%253A%2520American%2520Institute%2520of%2520Entrepreneurship%2520in%2520Africa%2522%257D%257D%252C%2522description%2522%253A%257B%2522localized%2522%253A%257B%2522en_US%2522%253A%2522%2522%257D%257D%252C%2522provider%2522%253A%257B%2522name%2522%253A%2522Google%2520Docs%2522%252C%2522display%2522%253A%2522Google%2520Docs%2522%252C%2522url%2522%253A%2522http%253A%252F%252Fdocs.google.com%2522%257D%252C%2522request%2522%253A%257B%2522originalUrl%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fdocs.google.com%252Fpresentation%252Fd%252F1rLpVWD7sH4XZLxsjuYCU8OTz5X1C-oBpYdFQsaingu8%252Fedit%253Fusp%253Dsharing%2526usp%253Dembed_facebook%2522%252C%2522finalUrl%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fdocs.google.com%252Fpresentation%252Fd%252F1rLpVWD7sH4XZLxsjuYCU8OTz5X1C-oBpYdFQsaingu8%252Fedit%253Fusp%253Dsharing%2526usp%253Dembed_facebook%2522%257D%252C%2522images%2522%253A%255B%257B%2522url%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Flh4.googleusercontent.com%252Fz2LobRvh-XaRwsQXO-Oi518GkFEEsMyCsqEWPiadlWjSyT_D7OZq5bOesweCZpTqRLauXg%253Dw1200-h630-p%2522%252C%2522width%2522%253A1200%252C%2522height%2522%253A630%257D%255D%252C%2522data%2522%253A%257B%2522com.linkedin.treasury.Link%2522%253A%257B%2522url%2522%253A%2522https%253A%252F%252Fdocs.google.com%252Fpresentation%252Fd%252F1rLpVWD7sH4XZLxsjuYCU8OTz5X1C-oBpYdFQsaingu8%252Fedit%253Fusp%253Dsharing%2526usp%253Dembed_facebook%2522%252C%2522width%2522%253A-1%252C%2522height%2522%253A-1%257D%257D%257D&signature=AckuBVPLSp4sf20YB3h7OAIpxFzS
Pour de multiples projets y compris les plus récents tel que www.cherkaouijournal.com a complété news et analyses journal publié sur l’internet et un autre projet par l’Établissement d’une structure de formation sur la gestion entrepreneuriale et l’Économie Numérique au Maroc et en Afrique, a savoir American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa.
De même, Dr. Cherkaoui avait créé, développé et dirigé l’innovation stratégique et la mise en œuvre de la gestion des liens avec les propositions numériques pour des services commerciaux et produits industriels en Californie, pour les marchés régionaux et internationaux.
Pour tout contact ou discussion, vous pouvez me contacter a Linkedin ou bien directement à mon courriel / Email: saidcherkaoui24@gmail.com
🌎World Affairs Analyst🌍Speaker🌎Founder/Owner, Content Writer, Reporter and Editor of 16 Online News Sites 🌎 High Tech, Logistics, Automotive, Business and Trade, Political Economy and Memories 🌍
Dr Barbara Beno, Presidente of Vista Community College, Berkeley, California, and Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Consultant at CITD –27/10/1994– Photo taken in front of Dr. Barbara Beno’s Office at the Vista Community College
At Vista Community College, Berkeley, during my presentation on the Center for International Trade Development with Tom Bates (California Assembly and Mayor of Berkeley), Said El Mansour Cherkaoui and Senior Official of the Port of Oakland27/10/1994
Extensive improvement applied in the management of inter-cultural and Inter-ethnic Center’s Staff and the Internship Program at the Vista Community College and later with the Berkeley City College, the Student International Trade Association and the Student Exchange Program. Initiated and developed participation of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development in Trade Shows, Business Missions and Trade Delegations as well as the hosting of International Visitor Program and the organization of training Seminars in-house and in partnership with organizations and Government agencies. Active participation in the Initiative for the Logistics and International Trade Development sponsored by the US. Department of Labor, the California CITD, the California Economic and Workforce Development Program and the California Community Colleges. Responsible for the design, negotiation and delivery of Training Seminars and Business Conferences for Foreign Governments Officials and Authorities. Managed at the East Bay Center for International Trade Development the entire process of the Workforce Training Curriculum and Workshop Program.
Berkeley City College and EBCITD: Design of Training Program for Chinese Executives
Adjunct Instructor for Training Programs with the East Bay Center for International Trade, Vista College and Berkeley City College – 2002 and 2007 Berkeley, California Designed new curriculum and certified training program for visiting Chinese Delegation formed of Executives and Senior Officials from the Guizhou Province. Discussed the Study Program with the Director of the East Bay Center for International Trade and Development and worked with the Dean of Instruction at the Vista Community College, Berkeley to develop a version for accreditation. Participated in the designation of the members of the Faculty team to implement my training and teaching proposals. Conducted teaching sessions and delivered several courses as well as provided one-on-one consulting sessions, guidance and advises to the Member of the Chinese Delegation. Designed and implemented outreach promotional and collaborative programs within the various departments at the Vista Community College, the Student Associations and external representative organizations, professional entities and academic institutions.
Connecting Culture, Politics, Business, and Academia around the World
La Comunidad Hispana – California
As a Business Consultant at the East Bay Small Business Development Center and the Center for International Trade Development, including the East Bay Center for International Trade Development starting at Vista Community College at Berkeley and Oakland between 1993 to 1998 and 2001 to 2007, I worked with the Hispanic communities and their business executives and individual entrepreneurs as well as the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Alameda County and Sacramento.
Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, representante del Centro para el Desarrollo del Comercio Internacional (CITD) y Marruecos en una sesión ejecutiva de trabajo y una recepción organizada por las Cámaras Hispanas de Comercio de California, Condado de Alameda, Estados Unidos de America (www.cahcc.com).
At Vista Community College Transfer and Move to City Berkeley College
Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui at the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce of Alameda County and Sacramento
★ Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ★ Local, Regional and Global Competences ★
Dr Barbara Beno, Presidente of Vista Community College, Berkeley, California with Dr. Said Cherkaoui on October 27, 1994
Dr. Said El-Mansour Cherkaoui invited by the Government of China, Provided Training, Consulting, and Developing Strategies for Business Development
From left to right: Tom Bates, California Assembly and Mayor of Berkeley – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Consultant at the East Bay Small Business Development Center and Center for International Trade Development with an Executive at the Port of Oakland, Picture taken at Vista Community College – Berkeley – October 27, 1994
Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Developed Strategies and Directed Training on Market and Technology to Strengthen China’s Trade and Business in the United States, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East
