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Based in Oakland in the vicinity of San Francisco and Silicon Valley in California, TRI CONSULTING KYOTO – TRI CK USA strives and aims to help local and international enterprises and entrepreneurs develop and manage productive projects, business, trade, market, and logistics operations between the United States, France, South Europe, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East, and China.

Leverage and Impact by TRI CK USA Advisors and Consultants

By leveraging their specialized knowledge gained from past experiences and actively participating in projects aligned with their business intelligence and knowledge competencies base, our TRI CK USA Advisors and Consultants can unlock numerous benefits for our clients in the same line with their demands and expectations that empower companies and organizations in making more effective decisions and optimizing outcomes.

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What is a Letter of Credit?

A Letter of Credit is a financial instrument issued by a bank on behalf of a buyer, guaranteeing that the seller will receive payment once specific terms and conditions are met. It acts as a promise by the bank that the seller will be paid as long as they present the necessary documents that comply with the terms outlined in the L/C.

Securing International Transactions with Letters of Credit

In the world of international trade, ensuring secure and reliable transactions is crucial.

Letters of Credit (L/C) are one of the most effective tools for securing payments and deliveries, significantly reducing the risks of non-payment and non-delivery. Here’s how utilizing Letters of Credit can benefit businesses engaged in cross-border transactions:

Securing International Transactions with Letters of Credit: A Comparative Perspective

In the world of international trade, ensuring secure and reliable transactions is crucial. Letters of Credit (L/C) are one of the most effective tools for securing payments and deliveries, significantly reducing the risks of non-payment and non-delivery. Here’s how utilizing Letters of Credit can benefit businesses engaged in cross-border transactions, with a focus on the differences between the United States and African countries.

Advantages of Using Letters of Credit

Risk Mitigation

Payment Assurance for Sellers:

The primary advantage for sellers is the assurance of payment. As long as the seller fulfills the conditions specified in the L/C (such as shipping the goods and presenting the required documents), the issuing bank guarantees the payment. This reduces the risk of non-payment due to buyer insolvency or refusal to pay.

Delivery Guarantee for Buyers:

Buyers benefit from the assurance that payment will only be made after the seller has fulfilled the specified terms, such as delivering the goods in the agreed condition and within the stipulated time frame. This reduces the risk of non-delivery or receiving substandard goods.

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Export, Import, Market Entry, and Investment

TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – Strategic Insights and Planning Inputs for Export and Import Operations When it comes to export and import consulting services related to the United States, there are several options available. Here are a few reputable services TRI CK USA will help you with: Customs Consulting Services: Important Aspects Why They Matter  Valuation What is the price … Continue reading

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Enhanced Credibility and Trust

Strengthened Business Relationships:

Utilizing Letters of Credit can enhance trust and credibility between international trading partners. Sellers have confidence that they will receive payment, and buyers are assured that their payment will only be released once the terms are met.

Facilitation of Trade:

The use of L/Cs can facilitate trade relationships in new or uncertain markets, as they provide a reliable payment mechanism that both parties can trust.

Improved Negotiation Terms

Better Credit Terms: With the security provided by a Letter of Credit, sellers may be more willing to offer favorable credit terms or discounts to buyers. This can improve cash flow management for both parties.

Access to Financing: Both buyers and sellers can use Letters of Credit to secure financing from banks. Sellers can use L/Cs to obtain pre-shipment or post-shipment financing, while buyers can secure better credit facilities due to the reduced risk of non-payment.

Standardized and Regulated

Compliance with International Standards: Letters of Credit are governed by international rules, such as the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP 600), ensuring standardized practices and reducing the risk of misunderstandings or disputes.

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Focusing on the differences in the use of Letters of Credit (L/C) between the United States and African countries:

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Differences Between the United States and African Countries

United States:

Sophisticated Banking Infrastructure:

• The U.S. has a highly developed banking system with extensive experience in handling international trade transactions. This results in a more streamlined and efficient process for issuing and managing L/Cs.

Regulatory Environment:

• The regulatory framework in the U.S. is robust, with strict compliance requirements that ensure transparency and reduce the risk of fraud.

Access to Financing:

• U.S. businesses generally have better access to financing options, including pre-shipment and post-shipment financing, due to the availability of a wide range of financial products and services.

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African Countries:

Banking Challenges:

• Many African countries face challenges such as limited banking infrastructure, higher costs, and longer processing times for issuing L/Cs. This can make the process more cumbersome for businesses.

Regulatory Variability:

• The regulatory environment can vary significantly between African countries, leading to inconsistencies in the application and enforcement of international trade rules.Access to Financing:
• Access to financing is often more limited in African countries, with higher rejection rates for L/C applications due to perceived risks and lack of collateral. This can hinder the ability of businesses to engage in international trade.

Concluding Remarks:

By mitigating risks, enhancing credibility, improving negotiation terms, and adhering to standardized regulations, Letters of Credit enable smoother and more reliable cross-border trade. Understanding the differences in the use of L/Cs between the United States and African countries can help businesses navigate the complexities of international trade more effectively.

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Publications by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D.

Email: saidcherkaouis@triconsultingkyoto.com

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Executive kick-Out Crypto

 – Updated July 6, 2022 – June 19, 2022 – Initially posted December 5, 2021 in English as – Casino Royal – Cryptop Secret Mania – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Sciences Po, Grenoble Institut de Recherche Economique et de Planification, Grenoble Institut des Hautes Etudes de l’Amérique Latine, Paris Université de la Sorbonne, Paris … Continue reading

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Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Created and Conducted by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui for the Workforce Development Program – EBCITD – Capacity Building and Workforce Development Training Program – Samples of Certified Training

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui’s dedication to workforce development, international collaboration, and economic growth positively impacts both local communities and businesses in California

New Email: saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Academic Path

Dr. Said Cherkaoui International Business Planning – Keys to Open New Business Horizons
Teaching practical and field-based strategies that enhance the understanding of local challenges, the awareness on the particular cultural and business approaches of many regions around the world and provide the decision-makers with business intelligence inputs that help to shape the next decisional move and the next operational step as well as the next concerted action.

France and USA: Research and Academia, Letters of Recommendations on Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

At various universities and colleges in California and the Bay Area of San Francisco, at the Silicon Valley and Contra Costa Counties, and online academic institutions

• Adjunct Associate Professor and Lecturer – Golden Gate University · Contract · 1987 – 2001 · 14 yrs – San Francisco Bay Area · On-site San Francisco Bay Area ·
• For the first time in the entire history of Golden Gate University’s existence, I introduced and taught courses on the European Economic Community, Doing Business in Latin America and Asia, and Electives on Economics, Economic Thoughts and the World Economy.

• At the School of Business
• Taught Executive Programs and Graduate Courses (See attached Letters from US Air Force Officers and related records and documents)
• ★ International Marketing and Business Development
• ★ Business Strategy and Policy.

• ★ ★ School of Technology and Industry: Introduced new technology-oriented courses and web-based curricula activities:
• ★ Customer relationship management (CRM) and business intelligence (BI);
• ★ Information Technology and Entrepreneurship;
• ★ Telecommunications, IT, and Digital Security.

★ School of Public Administration and International Studies:

• At the School of Business
• Taught Executive Programs and Graduate Courses (See attached Letters from US Air Force Officers and related records and documents)
• ★ International Marketing and Business Development
• ★ Business Strategy and Policy.

• Adjunct Associate Professor and Lecturer – Golden Gate University · Contract · 1987 – 2001 · 14 yrs – San Francisco Bay Area · On-site San Francisco Bay Area ·
• For the first time in Golden Gate University’s history, I introduced and taught courses on the European Economic Community, Doing Business in Latin America and Asia, and Electives on Economics, Economic Thoughts, and the World Economy.
• Taught courses on Telecom and High Tech including Digital Certificate and System Protection.
• International Business Management, International Market, and International Finance.
• International Public Administration and International Affairs.

Research and Publications by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui:

• Conducted extensive research programs and published extracts on Golden Gate Magazine Connections on the following topics:
• European Economic Community (Published at Golden Gate University)
• North American Free Trade Agreement (Published in Golden Gate University and France)
• Middle East Quest for Peace (Published in Italy)
• China High Tech and Telecom (Published in London)

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Teaching Officers of U.S. Air Force at Fairfield Base, California

Dr. Tony Branch gave me the privilege and the duty to teach courses at the Travis Air Force Base. This “Reconnaissance Letter” was written by Captain Larson one of my “Students-Gentleman Officers”. Beside calling my Name in the air from the Carling of their “Funny Flying Machines,” they also showed me the planes that landed in Morocco during the WWII and later on. This episode of forming Senior U.S. Air Force Pilots is one of the best of my Academic Medals of Honors.

★ ★ School of Technology and Industry: Introduced new technology-oriented courses and web-based curricula activities:

• ★ Customer relationship management (CRM) and business intelligence (BI);
• ★ Information Technology and Entrepreneurship;
• ★ Telecommunications, IT, and Digital Security.

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Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Academic and Business References

EEC and NAFTA Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Research and Publications GGU

Early two distinctive research topics on the Monetary System and the Creation of the European Economic Community and the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement were conducted and published by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui at Golden Gate University of San Francisco.

During the same time, Dr. Cherkaoui created and taught Courses respectively on EEC and Latin American for the first time in the history of the Business School of Golden Gate University in San Francisco.

• EEC and NAFTA Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Research and Publications GGU.png
• Early two distinctive research topics on the Monetary System and the Creation of the European Economic Community and the establishment of the North American Free Trade Agreement were conducted and published by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui at Golden Gate University of San Francisco.
  

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Adjunct Associate Professor and Doctoral Program Subject Matter Expert – Touro University California · Contract · 1998 – 2000 · 2 yrs · San Diego Metropolitan Area · Hybrid ·

★ Taught Digital Technology and Telecom courses for the Online Graduate Program at the Business and Management School.
★ Provided guidance, advice, and insights on research and writing of doctoral proposals and dissertations on Business, Marketing, and Management.

• China Tech Development – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 1.jpeg
• China Tech Development – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 1.jpeg
• Publication by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui in London, United Kingdom on the topic of the rise and development of telecom, information technology, internet services, and mobile communications in China
• China Tech Development Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 2.jpeg
• – China Tech Development Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 2.jpeg
• – Publication by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui in London, United Kingdom on the topic of the rise and development of telecom, information technology, internet services, and mobile communications in China

★ Mentored and advised candidates on the development of the doctoral thesis.★ Taught Digital Technology and Telecom courses for the Online Graduate Program at the Business and Management School. ★ Provided guidance, advice, and insights on research and writing of doctoral proposals and dissertations on Business, Marketing, and Management. ★ Mentored and advised candidates on the development of a doctoral thesis.

Scholarly Contributions:

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui’s scholarly work extends to areas like international business, international development, business strategy, and entrepreneurship 4. Dr. Cherkaoui academic pursuits include affiliations with institutions such as Université de la Sorbonne, Paris III, Institut des Hautes Etudes de l’Amérique Latine, and Paris Sciences Po, Grenoble Tate Yoko Research Institute.

Academic Endeavors: Dr. Cherkaoui’s academic pursuits include research in the field of economics and politics. His work on “Economie politique du subcapitalisme en Amérique latine (1830-1930)” delves into the economic dynamics of subcapitalism in Latin America 3.  

Economie Politique du Subcapitalisme en Amérique latine (1830-1930): Argentine-Brésil-Chili-Pérou Said El Mansour Cherkaoui  1992 – 806 pages

https://books.google.com/books/about/Economie_politique_du_subcapitalisme_en.html?id=GqOPZwEACAAJ

Saïd El Mansour Cherkaoui : Conférences internationales

Le Dr Cherkaoui a organisé et présenté plusieurs conférences internationales en collaboration avec le Département américain du Commerce, le Département américain des petites entreprises, la US Small Business Association, les 2 Centres pour le développement du commerce international d’East Bay et de la Bay Area et d’autres organisations locales de représentants professionnels des entreprises. .

et les Chambres de Commerce autour de la Baie de San… Continuer la lecture de Saïd El Mansour Cherkaoui : Conférences internationales 

★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui: International Conferences

Dr. Cherkaoui organized and presented Multiple International Conferences in Collaboration with the US Department of Commerce, the US Small Business Department, the US Small Business Association, the 2 East Bay and Bay Area Centers for International Trade Development, and other local business professional representatives organizations.

and the Chambers of Commerce around the Bay Area of San … Continue reading Said El Mansour Cherkaoui: International Conferences

International Conferences:

Center for International Trade Development

About Us: The California Center for International Trade Development (CITD), an entity of the State Center Community College District, has been promoting California’s international trade and competitiveness since 1989. It assists exporters, supports economic and job growth, and helps businesses in California expand globally. CITD also plays a role in globalizing colleges.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui: International Conferences – Invited by the Government of China

CITD has a strong track record, having organized over 180 agricultural trade missions for the Western United States Agricultural Trade Association, the USDA Foreign Agricultural Services, and the California Governor’s Office. They have trained more than 7,000 companies to market California food and agricultural products in foreign markets.

These efforts have resulted in impressive economic outcomes, with over $100 million in direct export sales and more than $750 million in continuous export sales attributed to CITD’s trade activities since 1990. CITD has also received prestigious awards, including the President’s “E Award” for Export Excellence in 2001 and 2013.

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新年快乐 – Xīnnián Kuàilè

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★ Dr. Cherkaoui facilitated the meeting of High-level Executive, Managers, and Scientists from China with their American Peers ★

★ Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Invited by the Central and Provincial Governments of China ★

Dr. Cherkaoui Developed Business and Trade Connections Between California and China Since 1994

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BERKELEY – OAKLAND – SAN FRANCISCO – CALIFORNIA – USA

Capacity Building and Workforce Development Training Program

Some Certified Training Seminars and Workshops Organized and Conducted by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui at City College of Berkeley and the Center for International Trade Development

Created and Conducted by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui for the Workforce Development Program – EBCITD

Conference on North Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa – US Department of Commerce – San Francisco – California

Dr. Cherkaoui & Center for International Trade Development ★ CITD in Morocco

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International Conference on Africa and AGOA

★ EBCITD & GLOCENTRA ★

International Conference on Africa and AGOA, Berkeley, California, USA

Since my early studies at Institut des Etudes Politiques of the Grenoble University, the development, and integration of Africa were at the forefront of my studies and topics of my presentations in seminaries and essay papers. It was natural that I continue to work and increase awareness about Africa and its need to establish new kinds of relations with countries other than the past metropolitan and colonialists.

I extended the invitation to Dr. Boubacar N’diaye for his presence among us at this International Conference on Africa.  He was delighted about my presentation and we also sat together and had lunch at the same table.  Wonderful Man with full love for Africa and Africans and who initiated a series of important financial and operational measures: the African Businessmen Round Table, the creation of the African Bank for import-export (Afreximbank), and the setting up of special easy financing for the African private sector (investors and entrepreneurs) without the guarantee of their governments.

Here below among other pictures, there is a photo taken in the company with the Regretted Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, former CEO of the African Development Bank Group who holds firmly my hand and is standing at my left side.

On my right hand is Dr. Faheem Director of the Center for International Trade Development, on the other left side and holding my hand is Dr. Boubacar N’diaye, Chairman of the African Development Bank from 1985 to 1995 and honorary chairman of the same institution (Rest in Peace among the Blessed ones, Ameen). I initiated and developed a work plan on the organization of The International Conference on Africa took place in 2001. The first time in the history of the Bay Area of San Francisco and North California to have a conference of such magnitude and subject. that I submitted to Fazale Sharif the Director of the EBCITD which I was the initiator and for which I and participated directly in its organization. I contacted and invited Dr. Babacar Ndiaye and in the following photo, event/photo took place is during an International Conference on Africa I had organized in Oakland, California and of which Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, Rahimahu Allah was our Guest of Honor.

Here below are listed links which content present among others some illustrations of my activities with the Integration of Africa with which I was directly involved, including the facilitation of the signing of the Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Morocco.

For many among us, time flies through horizons without leaving traces on recognition and gratitude on what we have achieved for the good for others especially in my case not be born in the United States but I remain up to now the maker of differences between cultures and the guardian of the memories I cherish and remember through my meetings and interactions with the real treasuries of the Humanity.

The second link below presents “The ADB honors its former president, the late Babacar Ndiaye: https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/the-afdb-pays-tribute-to-late-president-babacar-ndiaye-17363

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The Conference Room was packed with U.S. and Foreign officials and Executives as well as faculties and Researchers on Africa and the Place where all these interactions took place was the fabulous and monumental Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Northern California. 

GLOCENTRA is a leading executive training firm committed to serving clients in the United States, France, the Middle East, North Africa, and Southeast regions. Our team is dedicated to helping clients improve their business performance and attain sustainable long-lasting results by introducing/reinforcing new learning and skills. Over and above extensive international exposure with assignments implemented in more than 15 markets, our trainers have wide industry expertise. We put at the disposal of our clients a team with extensive experience in developing and delivering executive training and workshops in many areas ranging from basic hard skills to more complex soft skills including leadership, teamwork, negotiation, and communications skills

The Conference Room was packed with U.S. and Foreign officials and Executives as well as faculties and Researchers on Africa and the Place where all these interactions took place was the fabulous and monumental Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Northern California. 

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EGYPT

Strengthening California with Egypt Business, Trade, and Investment Relationships

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USA – Testimonials Recognizing the Achievements and Competences of Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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France and USA: Research and Academia, Letters of Recommendations on Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Publications and Seminars on the Middle East by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Research and Publications on Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru

Publication by the Golden Gate University Review, San Francisco, and Interview of Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
Published in France

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Connecting Culture, Politics, Business, and Academia around the World

La Comunidad Hispana – California

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Global Center for Trade – Glocentra

American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa

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American Institute of Entrepreneurship in Africa
Oakland – California – U.S.A
El Jadida – Morocco
Marrakech – Morocco

[googleapps domain=”docs” dir=”presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQ2CyYuQjv0w1rMLdbTTRedaD-3YoRSPsj291SJjCI2P45YZ6-sMCtYNsg9phAZ6Qwu9bedDTiK0w6g/embed” query=”start=true&loop=true&delayms=3000″ width=”960″ height=”569″ /]

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Conference on North Saharan and Sub-Saharan Africa – US Department of Commerce – San Francisco – California

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★ International Conference on Africa ★ EBCITD & GLOCENTRA ★

Conférence Internationale sur l’Afrique a Claremont Hotel, Berkeley, California, USA

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International Conference on Africa, Berkeley, California, USA

Since my early studies at Institut des Etudes Politiques of the Grenoble University, the development, and integration of Africa were at the forefront of my studies and topics of my presentations in seminaries and essay papers. It was natural that I continue to work and increase awareness about Africa and its need to establish new kinds of relations with countries other than the past metropolitan and colonialists.
Below among other pictures, there is a photo taken in the company with the Regretted Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, former CEO of the African Development Bank Group who holds firmly my hand and is standing at my left side.

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I initiated and developed a work plan for the organization of The International Conference on Africa – AGOA took place in 2001. The first time in the history of the Bay Area of San Francisco and North California to have a conference of such magnitude and subject. that I submitted to Fazale Sharif the Director of the EBCITD which I was the initiator and for which I participated directly in its organization. I contacted and invited Dr. Babacar Ndiaye and in the following photo, the event/photo took place during an International Conference on Africa I had organized in Oakland, California, and of which Dr. Babacar Ndiaye, Rahimahu Allah was our Guest of Honor.

Below are listed links which content present among others some illustrations of my activities concerning the Integration of Africa with which I was directly involved, including the facilitation of the signing of the Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Morocco.

For many among us, time flies through horizons without leaving traces on recognition and gratitude on what we have achieved for the good for others especially in my case not be born in the United States but I remain up to now the maker of differences between cultures and the guardian of the memories I cherish and remember through my meetings and interactions with the real treasuries of the Humanity.
The second link below presents “The ADB honors its former president, the late Babacar Ndiaye: https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/the-afdb-pays-tribute-to-late-president-babacar-ndiaye-17363

From the Left: Dr. Faheem Director of the Center for International Trade Development, Mr. James CEO of the Africa Chamber of Commerce in Seattle, and Dr. Boubacar N’diaye, Holding my right hand, the Chairman of the African Development Bank from 1985 to 1995 and honorary chairman of the same institution (Rest in Peace among the Blessed ones, Ameen).

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I extended the invitation to Dr. Boubacar N’diaye for his presence among us at this International Conference on Africa.  He was delighted about my presentation and we also sat together and had lunch at the same table.  Wonderful Man with full love for Africa and Africans and who initiated a series of important financial and operational measures: the African Businessmen Round Table, the creation of the African Bank for import-export (Afreximbank), and the setting up of special easy financing for the African private sector (investors and entrepreneurs) without the guarantee of their governments.The Conference Room was packed with U.S. and Foreign officials and Executives as well as faculties and Researchers on Africa and the Place where all these interactions took place was the fabulous and monumental Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Northern California. 

The Conference Room was packed with U.S. and Foreign officials and Executives as well as faculties and Researchers on Africa and the Place where all these interactions took place was the fabulous and monumental Claremont Hotel in Berkeley, Northern California. 

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Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui at the International Conference on Africa and AGOA

http://www.africacontext.wordpress.com

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African Growth and Opportunity Act

During President Clinton and First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton’s trip to Africa in 1998, Congress was considering the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). During the trip, President Clinton aimed to show Congress that Africa and the United States were ready to be partners in shared prosperity.

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National Security Advisor Samuel “Sandy” Berger accompanied the President during this historic trip. Upon his return to Washington D.C., Berger compiled the lessons the participants had learned. These lessons learned showed the promise of the African trade bill that later became the African Growth and Opportunity Act. In September 1998, President Clinton made passage of the bill a top legislative priority to support African nations aiming for democracy and free markets.

In March 1999, the Clinton Administration called upon Congress to “expand opportunities in the United States and Africa by passing the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act.” In May 2000, President Clinton signed the African Growth and Opportunity Act and it has since formed the legislative basis for the United States’ trade with African nations.

Learn more:

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Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

ECOWAS wanted to run faster than the train of change crossing the region and they started singing faster than the music, now they can sell their musical instruments “Diplomyopique – Myopic Diplomacy” to the West before they oxidize and rust and relearn how to sing like a Griot and play the Kora, to harmonize with ancestral African wisdom.

ECOWAS, like any organization, should have taken into account the history, culture, and aspirations of the people it represents. The Songhai Empire, with its cultural richness and historical influence, offers valuable lessons for modern diplomacy.

CEDEAO “Diplomyopique – Diplomatie Myope” a l’Occidental

La CEDEAO a voulu courir plus vite que le train de changement traversant la région et ils ont commencée a chanter plus vite que la musique, maintenant ils peuvent vendre leurs instruments de musique “Diplomyopique – Diplomatie Myope” a l’occidental avant qu’ils oxident et rouillent et réapprendre a chanter comme un Griot et jouer la … Lire la suite de

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“Diplomyopic”: Myopic diplomacy, which neglects historical and cultural roots, can lead to slippage and imbalances.

ECOWAS should consider how to harmonize its actions with ancestral African wisdom. Like a Griot playing the Kora, she could find a balance between tradition and modernity, between local rhythms and global melodies, and carefully navigate this African diplomatic concert, avoiding dissonance and playing melodies that resonate with the expectations of the people of the Sahel.

Diplomacy should not be a rat race, but rather a deliberate dance where every step counts.

On September 16, 2023, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger created the Alliance of Sahel States, a regional collective defense organization. According to the founding document, “the violation of the sovereignty or territorial integrity of one or more members of the charter will be considered an aggression against all parties and will require their assistance, individually.

On January 28, 2024, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger announced their joint decision to withdraw as soon as possible from ECOWAS, which they consider to be “under the influence of foreign powers, which has become a threat to Member States and their peoples. »

The creation of the AES occurred against a backdrop of numerous coups in the region and rising anti-Western sentiment in former French colonies. ECOWAS, by preferring to support fallen governments considered to be carrying out orders from Paris, is increasingly perceived in separatist countries as a puppet of Europe.

Nigerian President Bola Tinubu, who was re-elected as ECOWAS president over the weekend, faced domestic criticism for his support for an ECOWAS intervention in neighboring Niger, with which he shares centuries of ties and a territory of 1,600 km. border.

AES states also accuse the West of not doing enough to combat the insurgency in the Sahel, one of the main drivers of military takeovers in the region.

The Nigerien head of state, General Abdourahamane Tiani, called for the creation of a “community far from the influence of foreign powers”.

“Our people have irrevocably turned their backs on ECOWAS,” Tiani said at the Sahel group meeting, rebuffing calls from the bloc to return to the fold.

The Alliance of Sahel States [AES] became a confederation of some 72 million inhabitants on Saturday, to “take a further step towards greater integration between member states”

In a statement Mr. Diop quoted by Agence France-Presse, he specified that “Our heads of state [during the summit of the Alliance of Sahel States held in Niamey on July 6, 2024] indicated that the withdrawal of the three countries from ECOWAS was irreversible. We must stop looking in the rearview mirror” while emphasizing that “Mali remains open to cooperation with ECOWAS”. The minister also spoke out against the possible introduction of visas for citizens of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger traveling to ECOWAS countries.

The price of the following always results in a slippage by excess speed for ECOWAS. AES-ECOWAS relations deteriorated considerably following the coup d’état of July 26, 2023, that brought General Tiani to power.

The American army announced on July 7, 2024 that it had completed the withdrawal of its troops from Niger, a month before the German military contingent did the same.

Niger’s new ruling military regime canceled treaties with its Western allies after sharply criticizing last year’s coup, which deposed democratically elected Mohamed Bazoum.

“The Ministry of Defense of Niger and the American Department of Defense announce that the withdrawal of American forces and equipment from Base 101 in Niamey is now complete,” the two countries indicated in a joint press release.

Attempt to Control by ECOWAS the Slippage of “Diplomyopic – Myopic Diplomacy”

ECOWAS is behind in notes and score harmony and politically and diplomatically behind as it is in this politically incorrect photo

On July 7, 2024, the ECOWAS leadership asked the presidents of Senegal and Togo to speak with the leaders of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger to try to bring them back into the ranks of the community. The New Senegalese President is sent with such a message or else he will be put in a cacophonous concert having no place to be heard and not playing with instruments that he recently used to get elected as the first young president in Africa.

Senegalese President Basirou Diomaye Faye was not born when ECOWAS was created and is being asked to reunify the bloc divided by coups. The Senegalese president was chosen at the ECOWAS summit as envoy to reach out to separatist states for reconciliation. Sources say his Togolese counterpart, Faure Gnassingbé, also worked behind the scenes as a negotiator between ECOWAS and the AES.

ECOWAS has not thought about the History of the Songhai Empire and the Will for Freedom of the People of the Sahel which extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea. Now ECOWAS sees Blue, White and Red without the Sahel countries.

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ECOWAS Achieves Its Uncontrolled and Displaced Diplomyopic Slippage

ECOWAS then took heavy economic sanctions against Niger and threatened to intervene militarily to restore the deposed president, Mohamed Bazoum, to his functions. The sanctions have since been lifted in February, but relations between the two camps remain frosty, despite calls from certain presidents – Senegalese and Mauritanian in particular – to renew dialogue.

The ECOWAS grouping of West African countries has warned that the region faces “disintegration” after three military leaders cemented their own separatist union over the weekend.

The parallel meetings of ECOWAS, on July 7, 2024 in Abuja, and the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) – comprising Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger – in Niamey, the capital of Niger, revealed on Saturday the July 8, 2024 growing fissures within the unstable group, pitting neighbors against each other.

By Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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Additional Reading:

Reasons and implications of the withdrawal of countries from the Alliance of Sahel States from ECOWAS – By Moritié Camara, Full Professor of History of International Relations, Alassane Ouattara University (Ivory Coast) – February 2, 2024

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Rules of Origin (RoO) are the administrative rules and criteria used to determine the origin status of products that are traded across borders in any country trading in the product’s international market of exchange, sales, purchase, and acquisition.

The Rules of Origin (RoOs) are legal provisions that determine the national origin of products traded under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). These rules are important because they establish criteria for which products can receive preferential market access and tariff benefits. The RoOs are product-specific, rather than general rules that apply to all goods. 

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Initially published – September 25, 2023, 3:43 am – updated June 28, 2024

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🌍RISE OF CHINESE CARS OUTSIDE OF CHINA

The race to win: How automakers can succeed in a post-pandemic China – August 13, 2021 | Report

🚗

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.  ★ Email: saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Said Cherkaoui – saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com

Introduction

How do U.S. car producers based in the United States, other foreign car producers in the United States, European Car Manufacturers selling cars in the United States, and other Asian car producers selling or/and manufacturing cars in the United States, all these car manufacturers react and consider the arrival, establishment and expansion of Chinese made cars and Chinese EV cars and trucks and buses in the United States and Europe and Africa, Latin America and the Middle East.  

What is going to be the scenario, the new global, local, regional, and national trends and perspectives of the competition in the car industry around the world given the rise of Chinese Cars

Chinese car brands still need to be added to the US market, but Chinese-made cars are still sold in the US. 

• Americans bought 104,000 Chinese-made cars in 2023 and nearly 28,000 in the first quarter of 2024.

• Buick, Lincoln, Polestar, and Volvo all sell US cars made in China.

What some people may not realize, however, is that tens of thousands of cars manufactured in China are sold in the US every year. Volvo’s S60L sedan was one of the first Chinese-made cars to be sold in the US starting in 2016, followed by Buick’s Envision SUV and Cadillac’s CT6 hybrid.

US consumers purchased more than 104,000 Chinese-made vehicles in 2023, up 45% from 2022. Americans bought another 28,000 Chinese-made cars during the first quarter of 2024.

Buick, Lincoln, Polestar, and Volvo sell Chinese-made vehicles in the US. Of those, the only Chinese-made EVs come from Polestar, a brand owned by Volvo and its parent company, Geely. The EV brand imported just 2,217 cars in the first three months of 2024. Polestar is expected to start production in South Carolina this year. Will the U.S. government discourage the domestic output of Polestar? Source: Gene Detroyer

Global Rise of Chinese Cars

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, FORD

Shocks from China Gets Chills to Ford and $9.2B for EV batteries

DOE Loan Programs Office

It’s another landmark day for domestic EV battery manufacturing in the U.S.! Today, LPO announced a conditional commitment for a loan of up to $9.2 billion to BlueOval SK, LLC (BOSK) for the construction of three manufacturing plants to produce batteries for Ford Motor Company’s future Ford and Lincoln electric vehicles (EVs). This marks the eighth conditional commitment for a loan—and the largest-ever to date—that LPO has announced in the last 15 months under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) loan program, with two of those loans having since been finalized and issued:

Together, the plants, one located in Tennessee and two in Kentucky, will enable more than 120 gigawatt hours of U.S. battery production annually and displace more than 455 million gallons of gasoline per year for the lifetime of the vehicles powered by these batteries. The project is expected to create a total of approximately 5,000 construction jobs in Tennessee and Kentucky, and 7,500 operations jobs once the plants are up and running.

This effort supports President Biden’s Investing in America agenda to onshore and re-shore domestic manufacturing of technologies that are critical to reaching a clean energy and transportation future. Expanding domestic production of American-made batteries is critical to reaching the Biden-Harris Administration’s goals to have EVs represent at least 50% of all new car sales in the U.S. by 2030, reach net-zero electricity by 2035, and a net-zero economy by 2050.

As with all conditional commitments that LPO offers, it’s important to note that the expected U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) loan will only be issued pending the satisfaction of certain conditions, including final legal, contractual, technical, and financial requirements that the conditional commitment specifies.

LPO Announces Conditional Commitment for Up to $9.2 Billion Loan for BlueOval SK to Further Expand U.S. EV Battery Manufacturing Capacity

www.energy.gov • 3 min read – 6/22/2023

Uncle Sam’s clean-energy push is giving Ford a major boost. The Energy Department has awarded the automaker a massive $9.2 billion loan to fund the construction of three EV battery plants.

a move Bloomberg reports is « by far the biggest government backing for a U.S. automaker since the bailouts in the 2009 financial crisis. »

The U.S. is trying to reduce its battery reliance on China, which has dominated the market for years and has roughly 80% of the world’s manufacturing capacity. Ford, which made about 132,000 EVs in 2022, hopes to produce 2 million of the vehicles by 2026.

The plants — two in Kentucky, one in Tennessee — are already in the works as part of BlueOval SK, a partnership between Ford and South Korean battery firm SK On. The total projected cost is $11.4 billion.

The U.S. Energy Department said Thursday it plans to lend up to $9.2 billion to a joint venture of Ford Motor and South Korea’s SK On to help it build three battery plants in Tennessee and Kentucky, a record-setting loan for a vehicle supply chain project. The conditional commitment for the low-cost government loan for the BlueOval SK joint venture comes from the government’s Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) loan program. Jigar Shah, the head of the loan program office, told Reuters the loan could close as soon as within 10 weeks.

SCOOP: Ford Motor Company & South Korean battery maker SK On are getting a $9.2 billion loan from the US Department of Energy for three battery plants under construction in Kentucky & Tennessee. It’s a watershed moment in the US race to catch China in green vehicle technology.

Community colleges in Tennessee and Kentucky stand to benefit from the government’s $9B+ investment in battery production. New workforce development and academic programs, as well as re-tooled facilities, will be needed to support the 7,500 operations jobs associated with these new plants.

Blade Batteries

Global Delocalization of Batterie Manufacturers: Example of Morocco

Let us quickly recall here the advantages which attract investments in new technologies within the countries of the South both from China and from Western countries or other nationalities aiming to relocate certain phases of their production.

The cost of intermediate production, the cost and local availability of raw materials, labor, the proximity of car suppliers and buyers, financial facilities and tax incentives, the flexibility of pollution laws, flexibility of work, the docility of social demands movements, and the rate of social charges and recovery of retirement pensions, health insurance as well as the level of unionization, the cost of land ownership and supply of these lands by the State, the level of logistical infrastructure, the ease of movement of capital, taxation and the rate of social charges and recovery of retirement pensions as well as the level of unionization, remittance and export profits as well as the company’s appropriation ratio. Not to mention the integration of operators and managers from the country of origin benefiting from all the financial and tax advantages recognized by the public authorities. 1/7/2024

First Batch of SHACMAN X6000 Series Products Rolled off the Assembly Line. Congratulations.

Asian Firms to build joint LFP cathode plants in Morocco

CNGR Advanced Material Al Mada Recycling

The focus will be on producing precursors for NCM and LFP cathode materials. The plant will also include recycling facilities. The companies are planning annual capacities of 120,000 tonnes for NCM precursors, 60,000 tonnes for LFP precursors, and 30,000 tonnes for the recycling of battery materials in the first phase. The planned annual production is 70 GWh. That should be enough for more than one million electric vehicles.

Production is mainly for export to meet the high demand in Europe and America – but the partners do not name potential customers. Construction will begin this year after the necessary permits have been obtained and production is scheduled to start in 2025. Source: Info via email

“Morocco aims to open EV battery gigafactory”

Announced on July 22, 2022, at Marrakesh.

Asian Companies Building Battery Factories in Morocco to export to Europe and the U.S.

During the summer of 2022, the Moroccan Minister of Industry and Trade declared that Morocco was negotiating with electric vehicle battery manufacturers to set up a plant in the country to mesh with its existing automotive sector and cobalt output.

“We hope to sign a deal for the plant before the end of this year,” the minister said in an interview with Reuters but declined to name the companies.

He did not say how much investment it would require but referred to it as a “gigafactory,” a term widely used for very big production facilities. The planned factory for EV batteries will “offer a huge momentum for the local automotive sector” and will benefit from the availability of renewable energy and raw materials such as cobalt and phosphates in the country, he said.

Morocco is home to Renault and Stellantis production plants, with a combined production capacity of 700,000. The Dacia Sandero and Peugeot 208 are examples of popular models that are built in Morocco. Demand for such batteries is growing outside and within Morocco, where Citroen plans to double its production capacity within two years from 50,000 EVs, Mezzour said.

Exports by about 250 automakers and suppliers in Morocco have topped the country’s industrial exports over the past seven years, surpassing phosphate sales. Up to May this year, Morocco’s automotive sector sales stood at $4.13 billion, up 24 percent. To increase competitiveness in the face of competition from China and India, Morocco plans to increase the rate of locally made parts in the cars it exports to 80 percent, up from 65 percent currently, Mezzour said.

“We are targeting 1 million within the next three to four years,” Mezzour said. Source:

And what is Europe doing for its renewable industry?

US Billions are flooding into US-based investments, so even European companies are now moving to the US for their investments.

In 2022, the top five manufacturers control more than 80 percent of the battery market.  With an increased interest in EVs – global sales of electric cars totaled 4.2 million units in 2021, up by 108 percent compared with 2020 – there’s been concern that a long list of car companies may soon face an EV battery shortage from electric car battery manufacturers.

The advantages which attract investments in new technologies within the countries of the South both from China and from Western countries or other nationalities aiming to relocate certain phases of their production. The cost of intermediate production, the cost and local availability of raw materials, labor, the proximity of car suppliers and buyers, financial facilities and tax incentives, the flexibility of pollution laws, flexibility of work, the docility of social demands movements, and the rate of social charges and recovery of retirement pensions, health insurance as well as the level of unionization, the cost of land ownership and supply of these lands by the State, the level of logistical infrastructure, the ease of movement of capital, taxation and the rate of social charges and recovery of retirement pensions as well as the level of unionization, remittance and export profits as well as the company’s appropriation ratio. Not to mention the integration of operators and managers from the country of origin benefiting from all the financial and tax advantages recognized by the public authorities.

1/7/2024

LG Energy Solution 

A unit of LG Chem, this South Korean battery supplier is neck and neck with CATL as the world’s number one supplier of lithium-ion EV batteries.

Although there has been some controversy along the way – LG Chem successfully sued rivals SK Innovations not too long ago for stealing trade secrets – the future looks bright for the company, with LG Energy Solution beginning production of 4680 cells in 2023, the very same cells which make up Tesla’s most advanced battery pack yet. 

The large format 4680 cylindrical cells are said to increase power by six times and energy by five times, as well as boost an EV’s range by up to 54 percent. 

These 4680 cells are also expected to bring the price of Tesla EVs down to around $US25,000, according to Tesla founder Elon Musk.

The company also has a US$303 million plant in Holland, Michigan, capable of producing enough cells per year to build between 50,000 and 200,000 battery packs for EV and hybrid manufacturers like Ford, General Motors, Hyundai, Volvo, Renault and Chevrolet. 

By 2025, all factories in South Korea, North America, Europe, and China will operate on 100 percent renewable energy. 

BYD

Once written off by Elon Musk, China’s BYD has proven the haters wrong by becoming the world’s top seller of EVs in July 2022, having sold 641,000 vehicles in the first half of 2022 – nearly 80,000 more EVs than Tesla. 

Although it’s gained a strong footing in the EV market, BYD began life as a rechargeable battery manufacturer in 1995, and in 2021 it built a new facility in Chongqing, China, to produce its blade batteries, which are thinner and longer than conventional lithium-ion cells.

Blade batteries are also considered to be the safest EV batteries because they are far less likely to catch fire in an accident. They are also 50 percent smaller than other battery blocks, resulting in lighter and more efficient EVs. 

There seems to be no hard feelings between the Chinese behemoth and Elon Musk: BYD executive vice president Lian Yubo now says BYD is “good friends” with Mr Tesla, and has plans afoot to supply his company with EV batteries.

Panasonic 

Panasonic is another of the world’s largest lithium-ion battery manufacturers, the electronics giant partnering with Tesla on Giga Nevada – or Gigafactory 1, as it’s also known – a $5 billion lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle component factory located in Storey County, Nevada, which produces a Panasonic EV battery exclusively for Tesla’s Model 3, Model S and Model X SUV. 

Panasonic is said to have invested US$1.6 billion in Gigafactory 1 to make itself Tesla’s prime supplier of EV batteries, with raw materials being supplied by a mining company that extracts lithium from a site located 320km away from the factory.

Jointly designed and engineered by Tesla and Panasonic, the ‘2170’ battery has been in mass production since January 2017, with the new and improved 4680 battery cell, which has significant capacity improvements, going into production in 2023. 

Turning an eye to the future, Shoichiro Watanabe, CTO of Panasonic Energy, says the company will achieve a 20 percent improvement in energy density in its battery cells by the end of the decade. 

In much the same way that Tesla has partnered with other EV battery manufacturers in other international markets, Panasonic has also partnered with Toyota to build a lithium-ion battery plant in Japan that will supply batteries for Toyota EVs. Source:

Present Outlook of the World Battery Manufacturing Capacity

With the world gearing up for the electric vehicle era, battery manufacturing has become a priority for many nations, including the United States. However, having entered the race for batteries early, China is far and away in the lead.

This was originally posted on Elements. 

Predominance of China’s World Manufacturing Capacity

– China controls raw materials –

Another key factor in China’s supremacy: is control over the raw materials needed to manufacture the batteries: lithium and cobalt.

According to Bloomberg, the Chinese firms Ganfeng and Tianqi control 17 and 12 percent respectively of the world production of lithium thanks to their investments in mines in Australia and South America.

Tianqi bought a 24 percent stake in Chilean miner SQM for $4.1 billion in December 2018. Together with the US firm Albemarle it also controls the huge Greenbushes mine in Australia.

Meanwhile, Chinese firms control at least half of the cobalt extracted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where 70 percent of global output comes from, according to estimates cited by Bloomberg.

China Molybdenum bought a major site from the US firm Freeport-McMoran for $2.65 billion in 2016. China also has 80 percent of the world’s capacity to produce refined cobalt using chemical processes.

This is not a basic skill (“We are a car manufacturer, not chemically,” said Marianne Battalion, Renault E’s project manager last year), but second, whether the production was outsourced to Koreans or Chinese, many unemployed motor factories instead.

China has 6 of the top 10 EV battery makers with 60 percent market share, led by CATL and Warren Buffett-backed BYD.

• Besides CATL and BYD, CALB, Gotion High-tech, Sunwoda, and Eve Energy feature among the world’s top 10 EV battery makers, according to SNE Research
• CATL installed 165.7 gigawatt hours of battery cells in the first 11 months of last year, giving it a global market share of 37.1 percent

China’s well-established advantage is set to continue through 2027, with 69% of the world’s battery manufacturing capacity. With nearly 900 gigawatt-hours of manufacturing capacity or 77% of the global total, China is home to six of the world’s 10 biggest battery makers. Behind China’s battery dominance is its vertical integration across the rest of the EV supply chain, from mining the metals to producing the EVs. It’s also the largest EV market, accounting for 52% of global sales in 2021.

The U.S. is projected to increase its capacity by more than 10-fold in the next five years. EV tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act are likely to incentivize battery manufacturing by rewarding EVs made with domestic materials. Alongside Ford and General Motors, Asian companies including Toyota, SK Innovation, and LG Energy Solution have all announced investments in U.S. battery manufacturing in recent months.

Europe will host six of the projected top 10 countries for battery production in 2027. Europe’s current and future battery plants come from a mix of domestic and foreign firms, including Germany’s Volkswagen, China’s CATL, and South Korea’s SK Innovation.

Combating China’s dominance will be expensive. According to Bloomberg, the U.S. and Europe will have to invest $87 billion and $102 billion, respectively, to meet domestic battery demand with fully local supply chains by 2030.

Within such an unbalanced world of Battery Manufacturing Capacity and given that Europe is using a mixed approach, Morocco is positioned to benefit from Europe’s reliance on domestic and foreign manufacturers of batteries.

Morocco, Regional Hub for Battery Material Plants

South Korea’s LG Chem partnering with China Huayou Group announced a project to build in Morocco a joint electric vehicle (EV) battery material plant. On the other side, CNGR, Chinese Battery-Parts Maker, and African Fund Al Mada aim to build an industrial base in Morocco for a battery materials production and recycling facility. All the Production of these facilities is intended for export to meet high demand in Europe and America.

 🇺🇸🚗- 🌍 AFRICANA🌍 ENTERPRISE🌍 – 🌐Morocco🌍Tech🌐 –
African-Moroccan Diaspora – Tateyoko Research Institute – USA – Tateyoko Research Institute

Articles Similaires

https://www.energy.gov/lpo/listings/projects

• What is a Conditional Commitment? https://www.energy.gov/lpo/articles/getting-know-lpo-what-conditional-commitment

• Advanced transportation project financing available through LPO’s Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) loan program: Energy.gov/LPO/ATVM

• President Biden’s « Investing in America » agenda: https://www.whitehouse.gov/invest

President Biden: Road of Jérusalem Passe par l’Usine Ford de Dearborn – Mai 19, 2021 – DANS “ETATS-UNIS D’AMÉRIQUE”

Read more below via Ars Technica.

Read the full BlueOval SK project conditional commitment announcement for more details: https://www.energy.gov/lpo/articles/lpo-announces-conditional-commitment-loan-blueoval-sk-further-expand-us-ev-battery

The Mexican-Japanese-US Model for Auto Assembly in Northern Mexico – September 29, 2020 – “AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY”

Global Liberalism and U.S. State Interventionism: Electric Auto Industry – Mai 19, 2021 – “ELECTRIC VEHICLE”

Selected articles written and published by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Said Cherkaoui on the Automobile industry in Morocco
Contact: saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com

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Morocco – Maroc – BAGNOLE CHERKAOUI 1920 – 24
   Articles traitant de Morocco – Maroc écrits par Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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