The top emerging countries will vary from list to list, but a few of the most commonly recognized “emerging nations” are listed below. 

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• BRIC countries
• Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. 
• These countries are known as the BRIC nations, an association formed in 2009 by the leaders of these countries to improve their political relationships and trade. 
• Brazil, Russia, India and China. These countries are currently considered the top four emerging markets.

But while the emerging market spotlight has long been focused on the BRIC nations of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, the report, entitled Reaching the emerging middle-classes beyond BRIC, notes that attention is turning to smaller markets. The shift is being driven by the rates of faster economic and demographic growth in many of those markets – factors that are together fueling growth in consumer spending, including highly valued spending areas such as education.

Market Size: Aggregated purchasing power and number of potential clients within the relevant market segments;

Market Accessibility: General ease of doing business, regulation, transparency, communication, and infrastructure;

Market Match: Overlap between needs and preferences in the market and products and services provided by marker suppliers.

• CIVETS countries or Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey and South Africa. These countries are predicted by some to be among the next emerging markets to quickly rise in economic prominence

Morocco Philippines Poland	Chile Czech Republic Hungary
South Korea Taiwan Thailand	Indonesia Malaysia Mexico

Other emerging markets include: 

CIVETS countries: Colombia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa

E7 countries: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey

Group of Five (G5): Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa

World Economics has combined 24 countries to represent the Emerging Markets. Overall these countries account for 50% of Global GDP and 68.5% of global GDP growth in the past 10 years (2013-2023).

Next year, Emerging Market Growth growth is expected to decelerate to 3.6% / to a slightly below-trend 3.8% in 2024 on average from around 4% this year. Importantly, the growth premium in favour of Emerging Markets over Developed Markets is projected to continue widening. Asia is set to register the strongest contribution to world GDP once again. Nov 23, 2023

Compared to their developed market peers, many emerging market companies have the potential to increase earnings at a faster rate due to increasing living standards in their domestic markets and rising demand from the rest of the world. Nov 15, 2023

The Next Eleven (or N-11) are eleven countries—Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam— identified by Goldman Sachs investment bank as having a high potential of becoming the world’s largest economies in the 21st century along with the BRICs.

Looking beyond China, we explore below the three rising emerging market countries where we see particularly compelling investment opportunities. India, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia are leaders in their respective regions, all benefiting from economic reforms and digitization initiatives.

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Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D.

12/04/2023

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At TRI Consulting Kyoto – TRI CK USA, today we delighted to offer you a mosaic of topics that will provide to you an opportunity to access and read news, thoughts and inputs as well as insights related the areas of operations and involvement in terms of the countries that are the focus and the interests of our existing, potential and prospective clients.

TRI NEWS REPORT will also provide insightful and business based intelligence advices to enable are readers and members to benefit from our first-hand experience in the diverse domains of international trade, business, economics, finance and culture development and management.

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This extra service that we give to our clients, we are extending it to you too. We would appreciate to have join our movement and our community which will enbale you you also to benefit from this TRI NEWS REPORT. Therefore, we invite to be more than just another reader, we will appreciate that if you have a topic you would like our editor to address, write an analysis and publish, please do not hesitate to email us your request / suggestion on this new topic, likewise you can also forward to us even an article of your own writting that we can publish in TRI NEWS REPORT with your consent.

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In many ways, the case is clear. Nearshoring or onshoring can contribute to risk-resistant supply chains and lead to faster time-to-market, more effective planning cycles, and greater flexibility in response to disruption. Proximate sourcing can enable greater control and more frequent site visits, fewer cultural barriers, and better communication. Reductions in logistics costs and lead times can also bolster the balance sheet by freeing up working capital that is tied up in cash outlays to suppliers and inventory in transit. 

Colliers International releases a new research report on the latest trends for the manufacturing industry in Asia, Europe and the Americas

• 15 listopada 2016

Greater focus on automation and digital technology in manufacturing globally is helping to shift workforce needs from low-cost to highly-skilled. This trend is apparent across Europe, and globally, according to a report released by Colliers International. The report discusses multiple pressures which global manufacturing and supply chains are confronting.

“To remain competitive in a global context and future-proof their manufacturing sector, advanced economies are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and pioneering new forms of smart manufacturing whereby production combines the “Internet of Things” and digital technology to increase productivity, efficiencies and flexibility. Germany for example pursues this objective through its “Industrie 4.0” programme”. Commented Tim Davies, Managing Director, Head of Industrial & Logistics Practise Group for Colliers EMEA.

While this is putting greater emphasis on the quality rather than the quantity of the workforce in advanced economies, low-cost manufacturers remain an important part of the global manufacturing jigsaw. They are seeing their operations shift into less advanced economies, where labour costs are low and supply is more plentiful.

Karel Stransky, Director, EMEA Corporate Solutions: “Europe ultimately needs additional workers to avoid significant labour shortages. EU states in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are anticipating population declines of approximately 10% by 2050, while the EU dependency ratio is expected to double, a measure reflecting the pressure on the productive population. Rural areas will be the most affected due to the continuing urbanisation trend. This begs a question over the sustainability of local labour pools. Going forward, the countries that will emerge as manufacturing winners will be those who continue to create innovative technologies in the most cost-effective manner, combined with competitive, yet affordable, wages.”

CEE has been one of the main beneficiaries of new productive investment in Europe in the last few decades. This has been primarily focused on a group of so-called Tier 1 countries including the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The Czech Republic has one of the highest stocks of manufacturing FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) per capita within CEE. This investment has put local labour markets under pressure.

The Czech unemployment rate has fallen from a post crisis peak of 7.3% in 2010 to 5.1% in 2015 and is expected to fall to just above 4% by the end of 2016, the lowest level in Europe. In Poland, another regional heavyweight, the unemployment rate is predicted to fall to an all-time low of 6.2% by the end of the year.

Meanwhile, gross average manufacturing wages have increased by nearly 50% in the Czech Republic, 57% in Slovakia, 68% in Poland and 73% in Hungary in the space of less than 10 years (2005 to 2014).

These cyclical and structural forces are slowly redrawing the manufacturing landscape across the CEE region as we know it, and are prompting some corporates to consider alternative territories to established manufacturing hot spots.

The report – ”Global Manufacturing Shifts: an EMEA Perspective. Production in the post-BRICs era” cites several significant factors and trends as catalysts for redrawing the manufacturing landscape:

https://focusonbusiness.eu/en/news/colliers-international-releases-a-new-research-report-on-the-latest-trends-for-the-manufacturing-industry-in-asia-europe-and-the-americas/1128

• Rising labour costs and labour shortages in global manufacturing hot spots are redefining the map of global manufacturing, driving growth into the next group of low cost countries such as South Eastern Europe, Turkey and Morocco.
• Labour costs are far from being the only determining factor for locating a site or plant or in product-sourcing decisions. The need to improve speed to market and the growing demand for customised product means proximity to final consumers is increasingly important. As a result, regions/countries close to major consumer blocks that offer a good balance between cost/risk are those best placed to benefit from this trend. These include the previously mentioned countries plus South East Asia and Mexico.
• In line with Industry 4.0, Western European supply chains are set to become increasingly automated, with robot-operated factories the norm. Port operator APM Terminals, for example, recently announced the opening of the world’s first fully-automated container in Rotterdam Port. Amazon has cut its operating expenses by about 20% by using its Kiva robots, and plans to roll out this technology more extensively across Europe and Asia.
• Automation and technology may also enable the return of some traditionally labour intensive productions, from farther afield, as they seek to maximize speed to market. While this will generate new real estate requirements, the overall impact on job markets is likely to be more muted and unevenly felt across skills/qualifications levels, with the low-skilled workforce set to be most impacted.
• In CEE, tier 1 markets like Poland and the Czech Republic have become more expensive and increasingly saturated in their primary manufacturing locations. This is likely to pave the way to greater manufacturing investment, particularly by cost-sensitive industries, into “off-the beaten track” regions within these countries or deeper into South Eastern Europe and the Balkans region. Labour cost will be a key driver, with current infrastructure development across the region helping de-risk investment. EU enlargement on other hand seems to have lost momentum but remains important in the mid-long term.
• Mediterranean countries like Turkey and Morocco are likely to capture some investment thanks to their large, young and educated workforce and their location at the crossroads of Europe and other emerging regions like Africa and the Middle East. Turkey in particular is the Western’ terminal of China’s Silk Road initiative, aimed at strengthening trade between the Far East and Europe and support China’s outward investment.

Formation Entrepreneuriale a l’Américaine en Concept, en Gestion et en Définition Opérationnelle et Productive:

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International Third-Party Due Diligence:

• Conduct thorough due diligence on international third parties. While there’s no specific regulatory minimum, leading practices involve a systematic assessment.

Steps:

• Questionnaire: Require the third party to disclose information via a questionnaire.
• Risk-Based Verification: Independently verify the provided information and identify adverse data.
• Act on Red Flags: Address any identified “red flags” during the process.

Customer Due Diligence (CDD):

• In the U.S., the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) outlines CDD requirements. Verify customer identities and assess risks to prevent money laundering.

Partner Due Diligence:

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• Evaluate potential threats and mitigate risks.

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Based on a work at GLOCENTRADE – Global Center for Trade

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Said El Mansour Cherkaoui the creator and provider of this document does not assume any responsibility for any consequence of using this document. This document has been prepared for informational purposes and is not intended to (a) constitute legal advice (b) create an attorney-client relationship (c) be advertising or a solicitation of any type. Each situation is highly fact specific and requirements vary by situation and therefore any party should seek legal advice from a licensed attorney in the relevant jurisdictions.  

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui the creator and provider of this document expressly disclaims any and all liability with respect to actions or omissions based on this document.

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China: Yesterday Principles – Today Advanced Tech

China is working on establishing all these milestones and beyond.

Battling China is the reward given to China as recognition of its outstanding performances realized during just 5 presidents du Developpement Global de la Chine – 4 Leaders Pieds de la Table de Jeu Technologique de la Chine and 50 years of hard work and devotion to national development policies and goals.

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Universal Wisdom, Western Know-How, and Human Knowledge with a Chinese Perspective

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui See less— in Guizhou.

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I was invited by the Chinese Government to facilitate the international expansion of Chinese companies and to provide training to the leaders of Chinese companies on the requirements of business internationalization and the development of logistics for market entry including distribution in Western Europe and the United States of America.

This invitation followed the organization of a 3-month training course that I had prepared in Oakland and Berkeley within the Center for International Trade Development (CITD) in collaboration with academic and professional institutions located in Oakland and Berkeley in the San Francisco Bay and Northern California.

These study and training programs provided to Chinese delegations were composed of businessmen, CEOs, and regional representatives of the authorities of central power. They were part of the cooperation agreements between China and the United States.

In fact, since 1995, I have established direct and consulting relationships with Chinese officials when I served as Vice President of the International Business Commission within the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce. I also organized the visit of a delegation formed by members of research centers, businessmen, and leaders of the provinces of Yunnan, Dalian, and other regions of China.

Our prayers and thoughts go out to the valiant Chinese People for their recovery and for that of the People of this World currently suffering from this epidemic which we hope will be banished from all our memories and our human history by the scientific and divine will, Ameen.

Publications on China by TRI CK USA

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. – saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com – https://www.triconsultingkyoto.com

Shared with Your friends Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – CITD – Center for International Trade Development in China

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui and the East Bay Center for International Trade Development in China, Guiyang, Guizhou.

Presiding and Leading Negotiations with Officials and Entrepreneurs in Guiyang, China as Representative of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development, Berkeley, California, USA. 

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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I have worked with the CITD in Oakland and Berkeley. I was among the first members who joined this organization in 1992-1993 and worked with the CITD which was located within the Vista Community College.

I participated in the first Statewide meeting of the CITD and contributed to drawing the organizational and working strategies of the California CITD.

At this date, only 5 CITDs existed and Dr. Barbara Beno was the President of Vista Community College. I have during the years 1994 to 1998 and from 2001 to 2007, I drafted all the strategies and the planning of the activities of the CITD and the East Bay Center for International Trade Development respectively located in Berkeley, Oakland, and later on in Berkeley again.

Furthermore, I have organized several outbound and inbound trade delegations from many countries including China (several delegations), Egypt, Morocco, Eastern and Western African countries, Vietnam, and Japan along with visits by entrepreneurs.

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Les Trois Chandeliers et Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui:

La sagesse universelle, le savoir-faire occidental et la connaissance humaine avec un éclairage de la Chine:

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui en Chine — in Guizhou.

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Septembre 30, 2023 1:25 am

While Ghana aspires to modernize and expand economic opportunity, it is constrained by a struggling power distribution sector and unreliable electricity for homes and businesses. As a leading trade hub in West Africa, Ghana’s economic success carries global significance.

Ghana, like many African nations, has long grappled with energy access and reliability issues, hindering industrialization in both urban and rural communities. Between late 2012 and 2016, Ghana experienced a severe electricity crisis called ‘Dumsor’.

This crisis was caused by a drought from the Volta Lake that threatened electricity production from the Akosombo Dam, Ghana’s largest energy generating station. The crisis triggered a severe power rationing programme resulting in heavy load shedding throughout the country. At the height of this crisis, consumers faced at least 16-hour power cuts every 24 hours. Henceforth, the country’s power sector has failed to keep up with increasing demand from a growing population of over 31 million people.

Ghana’s energy sector has significant debt. The country’s electricity access rate is 86.63%, with 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents connected to the electricity grid. 

In 2021, 86.63% of Ghana’s population had access to electricity. This is a 0.86% increase from 2020. 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents are connected to the electricity grid.  Ghana’s electricity access rate is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. The Bank’s April 2023 Africa’s Pulse Report scored Ghana 81.2%. This was followed by: 

• Côte D’Ivoire (77%)
• Kenya (76%)
• Senegal (73.5%)
• Nigeria (69.1%)
• Rwanda (65%)
• Gambia (61%)

Ghana’s installed capacity is around 4,300 MW. In 2018, Ghana’s peak demand exceeded its installed capacity by more than 2,000 MW. Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo. 

Ghana’s electricity demand is expected to rise from 21.3 thousand gigawatt hours in 2021 to over 36.5 thousand gigawatt hours in 2030. However, Ghana’s actual availability of electricity rarely exceeds 2,400 MW due to: 

• Changing hydrological conditions
• Inadequate fuel supplies
• Dilapidated infrastructure

Ghana’s energy sector is expected to see generation/supply shortfalls of at least: 

• 467MW in 2025
• 916MW in 2026

Ghana’s power supply sources include: 

• Hydroelectricity
• Thermal fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel
• Solar
• Imports from La Cote D’Ivoire

Ghana’s energy supply is dominated by thermal generation (68%), followed by hydropower (31%). Gas is the largest source of electricity production, followed by hydropower. 

Ghana’s Current Response to the Energy Crisis

Ghana unveiled its $550 billion Energy Transition and Investment Plan (ETIA) at the UN General Assembly on September 21, 2023. The plan aims to achieve net-zero emissions and universal energy access by 2060. It also aims to create 400,000 jobs. 

H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghana launched the Ghana Energy Transition and Investment Plan on 21 September 2023 during the UN General Assembly.

“This pioneering “Energy Transition and Investment Plan” maps out Ghana’s journey to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 based on the latest data and evidence, ensuring that as our economy thrives, it does so in harmony with the environment.” Declaration of his H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghana.

The Energy Transition and Investment Plan includes: 

The Energy Transition and Investment Plan is expected to be the government’s main roadmap for achieving these goals. It will help Ghana achieve net-zero energy-related carbon emissions by deploying low-carbon. 

• Achieving net-zero emissions
• Creating 400,000 jobs
• Universal energy access
• 150 GW of solar PV
• Hydropower, biomass, solar energy, and wind energy

Ghana uses both renewable (10%) and non-renewable (90%) forms of energy.

To address energy shortfalls, the Ghana government introduced policy interventions in 2019 aimed at boosting the utilization of renewable energy and fulfilling its commitments to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). The key of these interventions was the Government’s Renewable Energy Master plan, which sought to among others, increase the proportion of renewable energy in the national energy generation mix from 42.5 MW in 2015 to 1,363.63 MW by 2030.

Ghana integrated some renewable energy solutions into its national grid, which also includes a Hydro-Solar Hybrid (HSH) plant at Banda in the Bui enclave. This HSH plant, managed by the Bui Power Authority, has a hydro capacity of 404MW and a solar capacity of 55MW. The plant makes use of Huawei’s Smart Photovoltaic (PV) Solution to fuel the national grid which supports communities, factories, enterprises, and small-scale businesses of over 24,000 locals in the Banda community. Bui Power Authority – BPA supports the Government’s goals of increased renewable energy penetration in the country and its greenhouse gas reduction obligations.

Banda in the Bui Enclave – One megawatt floating solar at Bui, Bono East Region – Bui Power Authority

Aerial-view-of-the-5MW-Floating-Solar-at-the-Bui-Generating-Station. This is the strategy that Morocco should emulate to save energy, to produce clean energy near where it is needed most while protecting the reserve of water from evaporation during sunny days and recuperating the power produced during the night.

Bui Power Authority leads the way for floating solar Installation in the West African Sub-Region

Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility also features a 1 MW floating solar component. Due to increasingly low water levels, especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.

The most commonly used energy resources are: 

• Biomass (46.667%)
• Oil (40.52%)
• Natural gas (10%)

Ghana’s energy strategy is to diversify its energy portfolio and increase the role of renewables. 

The government’s Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) aims to increase the country’s renewable energy capacity from 42.5 MW in 2019 to about 1390 MW by 2030. 

The REMP is a US$ 5.6 billion investment plan, with more than 80% coming from the private sector. The plan is implemented over a 12-year time-space, from 2019 to 2030. 

Ghana’s energy strategy includes:

Ghana’s National Energy Policy focuses on the country’s vast mini hydro potential. Twenty-one micro- and medium-hydro power sites, with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW, have already been identified as suitable for power generation. 

• Renewable energy: Ghana’s goal is to have 10% of its energy come from renewable sources by 2030. This includes adding 520 MW of solar, 325 MW of wind, and 60 MW of hydro from 2022 to 2030.
• Net zero emissions: Ghana plans to achieve net zero emissions by 2060 by using six main decarbonizing technologies. 

These technologies include:

• Small hydro potential: The government’s National Energy Policy focuses on using the country’s small hydro potential. Ghana has 21 micro- and medium-hydro power sites with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW.
• Energy Sector Recovery Program: The Energy Sector Recovery Program (ESRP) was approved in 2019 to address cost under-recovery in the sector. The program is a five-year plan with 30 reform actions to bring the sector into financial equilibrium by 2023.
• Electrification and renewables
• Carbon capture and storage
• Low-carbon hydrogen
• Battery electric vehicle technologies
• Clean cooking technologies

Ghana’s energy mix is expected to provide affordable electricity at a generation cost below 4.5 cents/kwh. 

Some ways to solve Ghana’s energy crisis include: 

• Diversifying the electricity generation mix
• Expanding the prepaid metering system
• Having other independent power distributors
• Consulting energy experts and engaging civil society organizations
• Producing biofuels from plants like corn and soybeans
• Promoting the establishment of dedicated woodlots for wood fuel production
• Promoting the production and use of improved cookstoves
• Replacing high energy-consuming appliances with energy-efficient refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, and lighting systems

Other possible solutions to the global energy crisis include: 

• Moving towards renewable resources
• Buying energy-efficient products
• Lighting controls
• Easier grid access
• Energy simulation
• Performing energy audits
• A common stand on climate change

Ghana Actual Energy Supply Chain Management:

According to the International Trade Administration, Ghana’s energy sector currently relies on hydro and thermal generation fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel. Thermal generation accounts for nearly 66% of Ghana’s power generation mix, with hydro accounting for 33%. In total, Ghana’s electric access rate stands at just over 86%, with 91% of urban residents and 50% of rural residents being actively connected to the electricity grid.

Ghana imports energy to secure its supply and promote inter-regional energy trade. Ghana imports natural gas from Nigeria through the West African Gas Pipeline. Ghana also imports petroleum fuel because it has limited oil reserves. 

Ghana’s over reliance on fossil fuels makes its energy insecure and threatens its economic growth and development. The country’s power sector cannot meet electricity demand. The Ghanaian government is turning to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel source. 

These are the prevailing conditions of the Energy sector in Ghana and the Government is seeking an exit from such dilemma and challenging energetic deficiencies.

The Energy Commission of Ghana was established in 1997. The commission’s main objectives are to: 

• Regulate and manage Ghana’s energy resources
• Coordinate all energy-related policies
• Provide the legal, regulatory, and supervisory framework for all energy providers in the country
• Grant licenses for transmission, wholesale, and supply
• Advise the government on energy matters

The commission consists of seven commissioners responsible for: Licensing, Renewables, Infrastructure, Efficiency.  The Ministry of Energy is responsible for: 

• Formulating, monitoring, and evaluating energy policies, programs, and projects
• Supervising and coordinating the activities of Energy Sector Agencies
• Implementing the National Electrification Scheme (NES)
• Formulating and implementing laws and policies, such as the Renewable Energy Act of 2011

Foreign investments in Ghana

Kasoa, C/R, Ghana – With the inauguration of the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point (BSP) today, the United States has completed its nearly six-year $316 million investment in Ghana’s energy infrastructure, supporting more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana. Jun 1, 2022

• USD 200,000 for joint ventures with a Ghanaian partner
• USD 500,000 for enterprises wholly owned by a non-Ghanaian
• USD 1 million for trading companies

Foreign Investments in Ghana’s Energy Sector: 

Ghana’s energy sector is becoming an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investment. The country has a high potential for solar energy generation and a favorable investment climate for solar energy companies. 

Here are some foreign investments in Ghana’s energy sector: 

• IFCAs of March 2023, IFC’s investment portfolio in Ghana was $446 million in financing and $12.5 million in advisory services.

Ghana’s top investing countries are South Africa, The Netherlands, France, Mauritius, and China. 

China is the world’s largest investor in Africa in terms of total capital. In 2020, China’s total stock of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Ghana was around $1.6 billion. 

In the first half of 2021, Ghana’s largest investment partners were: 

• Singapore: $307.50 million
• Australia: $204.01 million
• India: $61.57 million
• The Netherlands: $46.80 million

Some of Ghana’s other major foreign investors include China, The United Kingdom, South Africa, The Netherlands, and Australia.  China maintains the highest number of investment projects in Ghana, followed by India, the UK, South Africa, Turkey, Mauritania, and France. 

FDI flows in Ghana are mainly directed to the following sectors: 

The State Department says that foreign investors have limited market access in the following sectors: 

• Oil and gas, Services, Trade, Agriculture, Construction, Manufacturing. 
• Banking, Fishing, Petroleum, Mining, Real estate, Telecommunications. 

U.S. Investments in Ghana

Ghana and the United States have a strong economic partnership with bilateral trade reaching $2.7 billion in 2021. Following the success of the first Ghana Compact with MCC, which supported the country’s transport and agricultural sectors, MCC and the Government of Ghana renewed their partnership in 2014 and signed a $316 million Ghana Power Compact. Jun 1, 2022 — United States – The U.S. government’s Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and the Government of Ghana formally completed the 5-year, $316 million MCC – Ghana Power Compact today, celebrating a partnership that created a more effective, sustainable, and inclusive power sector in Ghana.

MCC Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Mahmoud Bah (center), receives a tour of the Pokuase Bulk Supply Point (BSP), which is one of the four power stations built as part of the $316 million MCC-Ghana Power Compact. 

This new investment aimed to transform the country’s energy sector by investing in new power infrastructure, advancing energy-efficiency practices, and creating inclusive economic opportunities in the power sector that will support more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana, including the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point.

Ghana’s government launched an Energy Transition and Investment Plan on September 21, 2023, during the UN General Assembly. The plan is intended to attract investors and the international community to help Ghana transition to energy. The plan is worth $550 billion and represents an opportunity for the international community to invest in Ghana’s sustainable development. 

Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo. 

Model for the Generation of Electricity in Morocco

Bui Power Authority – BPA – Model of Mix Generation of Electricity Combining the use of Solar elements added to existing hydropower Plant

The operational 50 MW phase of the Bui Power Authority hybrid-solar-hydro project. Photo Credit: BPA

Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility, which also features a 1 MW floating solar component, is expected to be completed in 2023.

Mr. Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Senior Minister on behalf of President Akufo-Addo, said, “This project further shows my government’s commitment to deliver on the promise to increase the renewable energy component in our energy mix to 10 percent by 2030.”

Due to increasingly low water levels in Morocco, as is the case in Ghana also especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.

This novel approach has the potential to be replicated with other utilities not only in Ghana but across the West African sub-region as well as in the entire Africa where similar challenges existed. This approach can lead to more sustainable forms of energy generation.

In line with Ghana’s mission to promote access to reliable, clean, and affordable electricity, Power Africa assisted the Bui Power Authority (BPA) to operationalize the first 50 megawatt (MW) phase of its 250 MW solar-hydro hybrid project. This first 50 MW plant resulted in the doubling of Ghana’s grid-connected solar energy and is expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions by more than 47,000 tons per year.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Oakland, California 1/22/24

Les Groupes de Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ou vous pouvez lire ses publications:

TRI CONSULTING KYOTO – TRI CK USA

TRI NEWS REPORT – GLOBAL USA VISION

TRI CK USA CALIFORNIA – January 24 to 27, 2024 – Oakland, San Francisco Bay Area, Silicon Valley, California – USA

In 2020, Ghana had enough gold refinery projects in the pipeline to be adjudged sub-Saharan Africa's biggest gold refining hub outside South Africa.

This was of course entirely in line with its status as Africa's largest gold producer.

Why then do Ghanaians, their leaders and… pic.twitter.com/n7SJPG7vT3

— Bright Simons (@BBSimons) August 13, 2024

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Defending Africa Development with Chinese Model Defended at SciencesPo Grenoble and Punishment for Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com

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In France, while I was still a student at Sciences Po in Grenoble, I formulated a project on the Development of China and I presented it as the model to be imitated and followed by all these former African colonies which were during the 1970s, shaken by the brutality and sudden oscillations of the international market and the weight of foreign debt. 

In 1977, I defended China as the Model of Development for Former Colonized Countries and I have put down the precipice and almost kick-out of the Sciences Politiques of Grenoble I had to fight hard to continue my studies against as we say in French “contre vents et marées de “mesquinerie” and sabotage including racist attacks ” to bring my lost ship to the port of knowledge and know-how.

My research like all the other previous ones was conducted through a projection and a prediction of the effects and manifestations that could be generated down the road and in the future of the countries or sectors that were the topics of my research.

My Presentation on China’s Development Focused on the Nationalist Choices Made by the Chinese Leaders

First, I relegate religion which is used as an impediment to development and I stated with example that Religion is not the cause or a contributor to the burst of violence and acts of terrorism: Religion is used as a reason for anger and revolt against the aspirations of the people to live peacefully.

None of the 3 divine religions – Hachem – God – Allah – tell you to live in misery and go kill the other to steal their life and belongings.

China developed itself because it had leaders who went to watch closely what is Capitalism in the European countries. They observe closely what is in its essence by working in industrial factories and studying closely the capitalist system in its relations to and in production, its impact on the capital-labor interactions, and in regards to the distribution of its most added among the capitalists. They also explore the relationship of the capitalist countries with their colonies, the USSR and China to ensure how is stimulate the growth of this added value.

2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Diligent Work and Frugal Study Association’s program, which sent over 1,500 Chinese students to France over three years just after World War I. 

“Lesser emphasized outside of China is that Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong’s enigmatic yet charismatic premier, and minister of foreign affairs, played a pivotal role in the negotiations that led to the rapprochement of relations between the People’s Republic and the United States, was also a student in France. The top echelon of China’s revolutionary military was also represented in the work-study program in France. Chen Yi, one of ten of China’s famed grand marshals, and later mayor of Shanghai, was a student. So was Nie Rongzhen, also a grand marshal. Nie led the State Science and Technology Commission, and as such was instrumental in developing China’s atomic bomb. Li Fuchun became vice premier of China. After his studies in France, like many of his classmates, he went on to further studies in the Soviet Union. He negotiated for Soviet assistance. During the Great Leap Forward, after taking peasants from their farms and putting them in factories, he reversed the process as China went into famine as a result of declining agricultural production.” Source

Even the Leader of Vietnam did the same. Ghandi and Nehru from India also followed this trajectory to understand what British capitalism is. The father of the Modernization of China, Deng Xiaoping’s journey in France as a member of a student program exchange. We can continue the examples with other Leaders

It is in line with this learning and this desire to move the country forward and to direct it towards the construction of an educational framework that meets real needs and respects national conditions for deep local and regional reforms and integration as long as a new nation through a rational strategy and a national industrial model with options for socialism.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 8/6/2021

Introduction:

France for me is above all during my fifteen years and more spent within its walls, it is above a land of asylum to continue my sporting, artistic, cultural, and academic activities and for that, I remain full of gratitude to the people who helped me make this journey and cross these fields with knowledge. Of course, I experienced a lot of rejection and marginalization but that as they say was part of the territory I covered and I grew up.

If I take a look at what I have experienced, I would say France is high in my vision of this world, it is that of those who were exceptional individuals who were devoted to helping others, to the success of others, and above all a “Stranger” like I was always considered by the others of clandestine and silent France and sometimes angry and stormy by his lack of inner peace and that since the time of the Romans.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. ★ 95 articles

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The Academic Prize I Paid for Defending China’s Development as a Model for African Economies

• Published on September 4, 2015 – French & English Version
• 1 – CHINA – 2 – CHINA: 

1 – The Price I Paid for China’s Development:

I defended the Chinese Model of Development in 1977 against a Representative and a hard RPR (Rally for the Republic – Chiraquian obedience at the time) and perhaps even a camouflaged extreme right who was a lecturer – I should say a little blackmailer of disasters – at the Institute of Political Studies of the University of Grenoble.

This pseudo-instructor tried to blackmail me so that I change my mind, ideological orientation and political direction and to say in front of all the Students that the West and the French Metropolis have all the solutions for the development of nations formerly colonized. Since I was looking for and advocating another model of development that I had identified in China, he wanted me to declare that China was not the example to follow for economic development for Third World countries.  

For him, it is the European countries which were the providers of revenue and means for the development of African countries. My choice became for him a personal matter since other African Students were also part of the Seminar in which I anticipated the results of my research project.

My presentation was centered on the logic of forced underdevelopment on our economies and how to break the shackles of Neo-Colonialism and the subjection of our national decisions and strategies to the good wishes and vagaries of the international situation and market supporters. international financial, commercial, and even martial.

I refused and I lost a year but not my vision of the world which turned out to be correct over time.

This “poor guy”, did not appreciate my research work and my presentation in front of all the other Students of the Economics and Finance section at the Institute of Political Studies of Grenoble. It was the last year to obtain the Diploma of the Institute. He completely sacked me, but the Good Lord repaid him for his abuse.

China also became a new State on bases that were effectively supported by Deng Xiaoping (August 22, 1904 – February 19, 1997) whose photo is the one introducing this draft.  

I had effectively demonstrated that the Modernization put in place by this seasoned politician, Deng Xiaoping, was bringing about change. I maintained that the corresponding changes would therefore upset the chessboard and the game of the internationalization of capital and the consequent international division of labour. The modification of these two vectors of foreign investment in third countries will no longer be made according to their own operating and exploitation conditions, but China, taking the examples of Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore, was going to find a way other than that followed by those countries that had been dubbed the “New Industrial Countries and the Dragons of Asia.”  

China was seeking to distance itself from such a product assembly model and to integrate its innovative technology into its industrial fabric, with a high added value per product and operation in each industrial unit. This approach subsequently effectively promoted China’s technological momentum while allowing it to find a place among the economic powers of Asia and the world.

Despite this moron and the obstacle he tried to put in my path of reflection and reference for national development, I continued my journey until I was invited by the Government of China to train their Business Leaders here in Oakland (California) and in China itself and where his photos were taken. Likewise, in the meantime, I had even defended a doctoral thesis at the Sorbonne University on the same subject of economic development and integration into the world market by creating a new theory on Subcapitalism. 

In celebration of my Triumph over this gratuitous adversity and over the disdain almost tinged with racism and the Academic Smallness of this master of ideological disaster and Pseudo-Right in Grenoble, and what time much later confirmed my choices and my analyses on national economic development, I offer you this article on China and the display of its forces based on the exploitation of its resources for an authentic need for national development and international affirmation at all levels.  

Sciences Po Grenoble in 1977-78: Right-Wing Extremist Fortress and False Progressives

Where is France of the Righ-Wing Extremist and the False Progressive, here in China

The corresponding article can be accessed through this link: https://on.rt.com/6qf4

China marks 70th V-Day anniversary with spectacular parade

Two Lecturers from the Far Right and Left of the Villas:

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.’s Post

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.

★ Strategic Catalyst Driving USA-Africa and Morocco Investment, Trade, and Business Development ★ Policy Adviser in International Affairs ★ Accomplished Public Speaker ★ Distinguished News Editor ★1y Edited

China – Africa 1977: New Model of Development at Sciences Po Grenoble Two Masters of Two Disastrous Conferences at Sciences Po Grenoble A Revengeful Neocolonial Avowed Second Camouflaged from the Left “Progressive” Two Jealous and Repressed of the Knowledge of the Other Maghrebian who has become “Independent” Both came to class smelling of the Wounds of Evil with Advanced Alcoholic Inebriation. One a massacrer of true thinkers coming from another culture, this is his story which is mine and the link of my destiny at Sciences Po Grenoble :

Price of the Defense of the Chinese Development Model at Sciences Po Grenoble  March 5, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui https://lnkd.in/gqPp4VHM

The second Camouflaged from the Left but also A second from the Extreme Right: – Diploma Thesis: State Intervention in Industry: The Case Study of the Textile Industry in Morocco. Sciences Po Grenoble Graduates Eco-Fi Section A Rejected person knowing little about Morocco, landed at Sciences Po Grenoble , rejected from the Sciences Eco Faculty since de Bernis preferred Christian Palloix. Jean Rosio could not find anything better than to join forces with a silent woman who sailed with the wind: Danielle Demoustier. This was during the period when all North Africans were not welcome at Sciences Po Grenoble, especially those who stood up to these evasive left-wing thinkers while their portfolios leaned towards the extreme right.

These two Zombies/Lecturers had fear on their heels from where they got their money, afraid that people would take their distorted ideas and show them that they were usurping their places given the lack of innovation of their knowledge and given that they were stingy in grades and that no Maghreb Revolutionary/s left with superior grades and high honors from this institution of Sciences Po Grenoble , they were the ghost guardians of privileges of the right absent but active through them. I now understand why most foreigners at that time and Moghrebi continued their studies at the Eco Sciences Faculty, the next door where the French True Left resides. For them, it was necessary to get drunk with them to please these lost soul teachers, an active minority of right-wing extremists and “ideological mess thinkers” taking themselves for activists on the barricades, competing with L ‘ PARIS INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL STUDIES – SCIENCES PO as they did not have the necessary juice, they used “left” subterfuges to assert themselves as the continuators of May 68 and the protests of the students and the working class. As I did not consume alcohol, I was always on the sidelines more to the left as a Muslim of their game and their scheme and I was not the only one in this case Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

#abruti #industrie #textile #maroc #france #culture

Sciences Po Grenoble

A Revanchist Advocate and a Camouflaged as Leftist with the Common Denominator: Nostalgic for Colonial France and Jealous of Knowledge of the Other North African

For the first killer of true thinkers from another culture, here is his story which is mine that I present to you in this link of my destiny at  Sciences Po Grenoble  :

Prize for the Defense of the Chinese Development Model at SciencesPo de Grenoble
 March 5, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
https://lnkd.in/gMusUuun

The second Camouflaged as Left but also A second from the Far Right:

Sciences Po Grenoble  Second Cycle Diploma  Eco-Fi Section
– Diploma Thesis: State Intervention in Industry: The Case Study of the Textile Industry in Morocco.

As Supervisor: a Rejected who did not know Morocco and who landed at SciencesPo since Gérard Destanne de Bernis had rejected him from the Fac Sciences Eco since Destanne preferred a more gifted person in the person of Christian Palloix.

This rejected named Jean Rosio could not find better than to ally himself with a silent one who went with the wind: Danielle Demoustier.

It was during the period when all Maghrebins were not welcome at SciencesPo Grenoble, especially those who stood up to these elusive left-wing thinkers while their portfolios leaned towards the far right. They were afraid that their deformed ideas or their usurped places would be taken and therefore were so stingy in grades that no Revolutionary North African came out with superior grades and high mentions.

You had to get drunk to please them as I didn’t drink alcohol, I was always on the left side of their game and their scheme and I wasn’t the only one in this case.

Dr.  Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

#moron #industry #textile #morocco #france #culture

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Two Lecturers from the Far Right: A Revengeful Advocate and a Disguised as Leftist but Jealous of the Knowledge of the Other North African

My Generation of Students in France was a Generation that knew the Europeans and the French of Morocco very closely, we lived together in Morocco, shared the same emotions, and we rubbed against the same winds and the same tides and waves of the Atlantic than those of common existence. We were neighbors in everything, in the neighborhood, in schools, high schools and parties and dance balls. We practiced the same sports, Tennis, Fencing, Handball, Volleyball, Basketball and even the everyday sports of System D.

Our teachers and our schoolmasters were our models of success, they were our daily mentors and we were full of gratitude and good feelings towards them in the same way as those we nourished towards our compatriots. Judaic Amazighs.

I had the opportunity to grow up and be taught by a class of Europeans born in Morocco in Doukkala who practiced the same popular language with the accent of our Doukkala and could not be differentiated from my uncles from the countryside or of the city of Mazagan – Mriziga – El Jadida and that by Victor Puglisi, Antoine “Nounou” Oulad Baggio, Maurice Ratel, Alain [Allal] Goirin, Carpozen, Dr. Paoletti, Laporte, Perrault, Marco, Ardouin, Petersen, Vidal, Rizzo, Jacquetty, Adigard des Gautries, Gonzalez, Lepine, Tachx, Gicquel, Clegnac, Perez, Salinas, Gimenez, Martinez, Borgia, Laplante, Tibaudet, Marais, Philippe, Riviere, Dr. Ingarao, Dr. Verdier, Manetti,

Defending Africa or Defending an Industrial Development Model in Morocco by taking the example of Great Britain, is to have on our backs the revengeful and the slaughterers Conference / Arena Masters where we were Gladiators fighting for our intellectual survival and our academic rescue. These bludgeoners of novelty and the projection of ideas in the space of reflection and prospection did not want to admit the limit of their own existences as a claimant to the possession of knowledge and could not have the human courage and the individual honesty for and to recognize their dark ignorances.

This drowning in the absolute of ignorance was conveyed by their search to have the upper hand in order to possess this mental comfort of having North African Students still engulfed in the notion of the “Béni Oui Oui” and the followers of the model of neo-colonial metropolitan modernization that feeds their bellies and fills their wallets and does not accept any alternatives or proposals other than those on which they build their pseudo-knowledge and the basis of their knowledge on the repression of new ideas that are binding and competing their decline by novelty and creativity that time and fate could only confirm.

Inside the building of the Institut d’Etudes Politiques SciencesPo de Grenbole, walking along the corridor starting from the entrance facing the Diderot university restaurant of the CROUS and at the back on the right just before the rear exit which leads to the car park and the University Library, on the right were the rooms for the practical work and in one of these rooms the outrage happened to make me repeat the year just for having dared to present and defend the conclusion of my research which is to say that it is China which is and would be the example of economic development that African countries and the rest of the Third World countries should embrace and adopt for their own economic take-off and to adapt Chinese strategies aimed at poverty reduction and stimulation of social progress and this through an orientation of constructive and developmental socialism and this was by no means the first or the last time that I suffered the wrath of the teachers “backward,fascists and racists” who wore progressive and left-wing thinkers just to occupy lucrative positions and not out of ideological or humanist conviction.

It was necessary to overcome these obstacles to reach the higher level of the DEA to finally find and rub shoulders with the true masters of thought and application of socio-human principles such as my research directors and appointed Professors who facilitated the intellectual development, the success of their disciples and their students: Ian Dessau, Yves Barel, Debernis, Freyssinet, Judee, Palloix and others whose ethical spirit and integrity worthy of all and eternal recognition and praise I salute.

The Turn of Wheel of Chinese Destiny as Response to the French Antagonistic against Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Destiny of Goodness will always be the driving force of the Good Minds and Good Actions in this existence.

My suffering in 1977 and 1978, years later, were rewarded first in 1994 and second in 2003 and 2004 by an invitation by the Government of China to provide consulting and advisory services to the dignitairies, officiels, leaders and business people of State of Yunnan, City of Beijing, including the Vice-Mayor Mr. Liu, the City of Shanghai and the State of Dalian and the State of Guiyang.

In the United States in the mid-1990s, for Chinese dignitaries, executives and officials, I organized their commercial and business visits to the San Francisco Bay Area and provided them with consulting services and training in international business development.

Meanwhile, twenty years ago, a British organization and publisher in London asked me to conduct research on telecommunications and technological development in China.

Said E. Cherkaoui Research on China Technology and Mobile Communication Published in London, Great Britain – August 2001

In this research work, I have highlighted the direct and ambivalent relationship of the pivotal role of the Chinese state in the direct development of technology in China.

China – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Continue reading

Mao Tse Tung: You are Complete Man when you Stand on this Wall

Given the way how I treated the members of the Chinese Delegation during their visits in Northern California, they insisted to have me leading the visit of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development in China. The Authorities of China were happy about my visit to China that they surprised me with an event and action I will never forget in all my life. They did not tell me anything and in early the morning, they wake me up and told me to come with them and ask me to dress warmly. They did not ask the other American Individual who was the Director of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development that I brought with me to China.

So, too many unusual cascade of new happenings are facing me here which prompt me to really think and question myself about what was going on here or taking place or where all this going to?

They rush me to a kind of Semi-Jeep – Semi-truck vehicle that we can imagine coming out directly from the ex-soviet union state members which I have seen in Eastern Germany and during the training we had with the Moroccan National and Pre-Olympic Team of Handball in Romania in the early seventies.

Normally since I arrived to China for my transportation, they used limousine or Sedan car. The sight of this kind of Jeep – SUV tank was not really giving me any other answer other that this is going to be a roll coaster ride or some kind of Safari in the East and the Middle of Asian China.

This Willys Jeep reminded me the style of the all heavy-duty metal built Willys Jeep that my father used to own following the departure of the American troops from Morocco. Beside this nice memory, during my time in China,

This Willys Jeep was almost foldable and with my Father, we have crossed many mountains and valleys around the Atlas Mountains with this unbreakable and easy to fix military square jeep.

But knowing the Chinese familiar manners, ways and means of approaches that are natural without too much protocol with hidden agenda; despite the business and consulting relationship, they remind me of the various attitudes and behaviors of the members of my own Berber / Amazigh and Native family and tribe in Morocco, which means, no question asked, you are in good hands, just take easy and go with the flow.

Encre de Chine, Mémoire Attachante, 1977

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China and Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Do not hesitate to contact me if you have an interest in the corresponding subjects.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D.

Technology to Strengthen….

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Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui invited by the Government of China to give seminars on the International Development of Chinese Companies _

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China – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Text in French with Translation in English In France, when I was …  Continue reading



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International Trade and Sciences Fair at Milvia Community College – Berkeley – California

★ Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ★ Local, Regional and Global Competences★ – ★ CHR🌐NIQUE 🌎 CHERKA🌐UI ★

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Developed Strategies and Directed Training on Market and

Hommage a mon Auguste Professeur, Mr. Pierre Rondot – ★ CHR🌐NIQUE 🌎 CHERKA🌐UI ★

HOMMAGE A MON AUGUSTE PROFESSEUR, Mr. PIERRE RONDOT

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. TRIBUTE to Mr. PIERRE RONDOT
Institute of Political Studies – Sciences Po Grenoble, University Domain, Saint – Martin-d’Hères
Former Colonel of the French Secret Services, present in the Middle East during negotiations on The  Sykes – Picot Accords  signed in 1916 by  France  and Britain the accord – known in  France  as the ‘Cambon-Grey accord’ 

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Africa , China , Regional Sustainable Development , FRANCE , Morocco , Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Africa – China: 1977 Grand Prix SciencesPo Grenoble

AFRICAFRICA

This is Africa in my analyses, publications and considerations regarding current events that I share with you and that you can consult and review and go back to my attachment to Africa still Student at SciencesPo Grenoble and having the courage and the desire to predict Africa in its own new forms of expression even if it means being directly threatened with even being expelled from this enclosure of Savoir SciencesPo in Grenoble and I was not the only one in this case, only those who were part of it escaped of the band “Beni Oui Oui” and “Oui Missiou. »

SciencesPo of Grenoble in the seventies was an institution devoid of real research content and militant political direction, it was a box for making money under the table for apprentices – teachers, with the exception of André Uzan, Dominique Valois, Pierre Rondot, and an Accounting Prof who was an expert and also of human greatness and sincere Christian belief that was also beneficial, the rest was a two-faced fabrication.

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Preamble for Mr. Andre Uzan

This text was written on November 21, 2023, the day after the discovery of Mr. Andre Uzan’s account on the socio-media platform LinkedIn:

• André UZAN  1st degree connection· 1st Former academic. Business creator – Managing creator of “Outilspourdiriger.fr”.

It is one of the greatest honors for me to find you here with mist in my eyes and clarity in my gratitude to you and your kind generosity that I knew up close and thanks to you I was able to continue despite all the pitfalls, the obstacles and the manipulations which have and had hindered our approach towards the acquisition of knowledge and I speak of several of my compatriots and my friends of origin like ours and this even on the part of those and those we believed to be fair, Fair Play who also claimed to be progressive and liberated left-wing thought when it was only an ideological camouflage serving their own egos and personal interests to the detriment of the rest of us who coming from horizons still splashed and tainted by several incompetences. 

We wanted to learn to correct these errors of the North and these incompetences of the South, which placed us in a No man’s land zone and you were the most committed to reaching out to us when we came to see you in your office in the middle of the first floor , you were our confidant, our big brother and what’s more, the one who wished us all the best.

• View Said’s profile Said Cherkaoui Ph.D.   2:37 PM

I’m talking about 50 years ago and time has only revealed to me the most beautiful gifts I have received in this existence. You taught us statistics and we were the first to receive the Eco-Fi diploma under your patronage and also with the support of an Accounting Professor, Dominique Valois for planning and budgeting, Pierre Rondot for the Middle East and L Islam, and a Great Gentleman who spoke to us about the 3rd Age. A Team of Prophets surrounded us and received us with the Human Respect that we grew up with and around us. Mr. Uzan, you were for us the Lighthouse in the darkness of silent and tasteless recognition and academic prejudice.

Posted on April 30, 2023 by  Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Ph.D.

TRIBUTE to Mr. PIERRE RONDOT

TRIBUTE to Mr. PIERRE RONDOT – Institute of Political Studies – Sciences Po Grenoble, Domaine Universitaire, Saint – Martin-d’Hères – Former Colonel of the French Secret Services, present in the Middle East during the negotiations on the  Sykes – Picot agreements  signed in 1916

Tribute to Pierre Rondot SciencesPo Grenoble

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. TRIBUTE to Mr. PIERRE RONDOT Institute of Political Studies – Sciences Po Grenoble, Domaine Universitaire, Saint–Martin-d’Hères Former Colonel of the French Secret Services, present […] Read more

• View Said’s profile Said Cherkaoui Ph.D.   2:45 PM

After IEP – Institute of Political Studies , I joined IREP – Institute of Economic Research and Development Planning ( irep , Grenoble), U internationalization of the automobile industry, where I got my DEA which I I presented after 6 months of research and preparation and this with that of very regretted now, when we cross the world, we only encounter again our past and our memory in the sense of beatitude and gratitude of having known such unique personalities like you in our destiny. I was welcomed by Yves Barel, Ian Dessau, Pierre Judet and Jacques Freyssinet who with Debernis gave us lessons on planned development. The best part is that these thinking heads, like you, knew our past, our culture and our vision of this world through the prisms of North Africa. It was a period of the consecration of pure and honest research through scholars in the field and individuals who deserve the greatest rewards of our future and our recognition.

• View Said’s profile Said Cherkaoui Ph.D.   2:53 PM

I can only renew my admiration and my gratitude for your work and your commitment at our side and with us during the incipient moments of knowledge and hesitant knowledge of the other, especially by those who wanted to give themselves as examples then. that we rather seek models of emancipation, identity, progress and the distribution of good for those who have the greatest need. We chose and came to Grenoble to learn the best way to pass the experience of the most educated and conscious to the masses in which we grew up and of whom we become the spokespersons and the link of their understanding of this world with the the intelligence of the other and the understanding of our fellow human beings to transmit to them a valid identity leading to the development of their resources as well as the clarification of their consciences. We were the envoys of a certain feeling and a desire to know, of knowledge to improve the living conditions of those who have not had the chance to cross horizons in the quest for knowledge.

• View Said’s profile Said Cherkaoui Ph.D.   2:59 PM

With such a mission, we knew what we wanted to acquire and what we sought to transmit to those absent from this feast of know-how and intelligence. You were one of the niches where this knowledge and this desire to facilitate its transfer resided. On the other hand, when we faced other disruptive elements, we were accused of all the evils and all the manipulations just for the fact, that we knew better than them what we want to know and why and how we seek. precise goals in accordance with our knowledge of our own history which they wanted to teach us while we were born and having grown not only from its cradle but also that we have already compared it to others by our own progress in the consciousness of the world and through the transmission of memories of our antecedents, our ancestors and our precedents in this world.

I arrived in Grenoble not from the depths of the countryside and the depressed oases, I came to Grenoble following the footsteps and imprints of learned memory and noble conscience in thought and action.

Before coming to France following my recruitment by the Basketball Team at ASPTT Montpellier and continuing my studies at the University of Law and Economic Sciences of Montpellier, I had already undertaken a tour of the Western Europe by Auto Stop from my hometown of Mazagan – El Jadida to the north of Holland, crossing Spain from Algiers to Saint Jean de Luz and going back to Paris to reach London and Wembley where Bobby Moore received the World Cup by taking a detour to the Isle of White and heading north from Southampton and Brighton via Motorway 6 to Jacky Charleton’s Town, Manchester, staying in towns in between. Returning to France, I also crossed from Paris-Roubais without the bicycle, nor Anquetil or Guimard and Lille to pass through Antwerp (to avoid passing through Brussels where the signs existed “forbidden to dogs and Arabs” and this to reach Ultrecht in Holland, and go for a walk in Zea-land and all the main cities of Holland up to the North in Groningen. From there, I hitchhiked back to Tangier to take the train and arrive there. Casablanca to reach my birthplace at 24 Rue Jean Bart, Mazagan Morocco, with as a gift for the family, among other things, a Moulinex to make fruit juice.

Likewise, I had already been selected for the Moroccan National Basketball Team and the Pre-Olympic National Team and the Moroccan National A Team in Handball which took us on a training course in Germany and Romania for more than 2 months and this as preparation for the Qualifiers for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games – Africa Zone, the tournament of which took place in Tunis, the Capital of Tunisia.

After obtaining my Baccalaureate during the same year of 1972, I was recruited by the ASPTT of Montpellier as a starting Pivot player of the Basketball Team. At the same time, I was also the Coach of the Cadets of the ASPTT Basketball Team and Captain and Coach of the Handball Team of the Montpellier Academy. The following year I was offered a position as a player by the Munster 08 Handball Team of the Bundesligua / First Division of the German Handball Championship which I joined the following year where I had registered there. preparatory year in the Faculty of Medicine.

In this German academy in Munster, to validate foreign diplomas, the German system required validation through what was called the “Numerus Clausus:

 » is a “Latin term that translates to “closed numbers”. It’s a method used to restrict the number of students who can study at a university. » 

This approach required grades for courses taken at the Lycée, whereas in Morocco, the Baccalaureate system resulted in the delivery of a well-decorated diploma without any grades for either exams or courses taken during the same year. As the slowness of the educational bureaucracy at the time was at its peak and reached the heights of competence, I was obliged, in order not to lose a year, to turn back towards France by landing in Grenoble where the University was a flagship of economic thought of development and above all had a reputation for tolerance and acceptance of other cultures unparalleled in the rest of France.

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Some came and told us that he smelled of alcohol and had a very red face, dark circles and eyes behind thick glasses like the bottom of Coca Cola bottles or those they had just emptied the day before, their appearance and gait dragged on the ground, and once seated it is the cloister for the entire duration of the session. This is how they drowned their sorrows for having become only those responsible for practical work could not become Associate Professors, such as Christian Paloix, Freyssinet, Dessau, Judee, Debernis knew them well and they did not blame them. not in his surroundings. As a result, this guy who revealed himself as a fierce colonialist and Extreme Right and this Jean Rosio who accused me of plagiarism while I conducted research on site in the country of my birth and at the Ministry where worked several of my acquaintances and in addition those who were members of my selections in the Moroccan National Basketball and Handball Teams and this without mentioning that the theme of the Memory that I prepared was part of my research projections that I wanted to begin at the Institute of Development Studies in Brighton, England.

This Jean Rosio, a marginal pushed and pushed towards and outside the Faculty of Economic Sciences and the IREP and the center established by DeBernis, could not integrate into any cell or research center in Grenoble. Jean Rosio was known by the African-Maghrebi Students that he was a “consistent drunkard” and they invited some to hold the bottle for him instead of being a Researcher at the level of the IREP like Christian Palloix who was more apt to place as a beacon of the development of multinationals and countries of the South under the leadership of DeBernis. Jean Rosio presented himself as a red worker but all that was really red about him was the color of Sidi Brahim and other French wines.

Most of the African-Maghrebi Students knew Jean Rosio more than well and therefore came to hide to lick his wounds and his insides and prepare his thesis which lingered more in the corridors than in the research offices in order to be able to go elsewhere. SciencesPo in Grenoble was thus a refuge for the clumsy right-wingers claiming to be left-wingers and for those left-minded who found no escape other than flirting with the Far Right since even the right in power and its compromises with the Left of Caviar and Champagne with red Roses could not trust them given their continual ideological zig-zag and reversal of position according to the color of the bottles and the sky and the bank notes changing from the French Franc where the Franchise remained in fact of account, the amount collected or deposited in the bank account.

Alain Carrignon was the greatest expression of such a slippage and academic evolution metamorphosed between activism and businessism both at the same time eaten away by ideological swings without roots purely committed or deeply cultivated and planted in becoming or improvement of the living conditions of others in Grenoble.

The common denominator of these two scourges of failures was their way of ingratiating themselves with other French students and the administration of the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, it’s like they say jumping the wall which is the lowest, and this wall was for them us Maghrebi Muslims who do not drink wine and red from where they claim to be a facade and a collage of pseudo-political labels of salons and places of pleasure as well than private enjoyment clubs.

We Sober Maghrebians with a keen awareness of our “  Simple Past  ” coupled with our Colonial Historical “  Tattooed Memory  ” still refreshed by a Neo-Colonial still before us on a daily basis we were in an early situation, a temporary residence permit, dismal accommodation, minimal scholarships and conditions of acceptance by the rest of society which date from the periods of towns and serfs, we were the new peasants of all the academic and social training of a region or the clashes between the masses workers and the large rentier and capitalist bourgeoisie of Grenoble and its periphery were only controlled by the contribution of labor from North Africa and Turkey – Kurd.

As a result, the “workers” parachuted to Rhone-Poulenc in fact the vast majority were my friends at “Bled” in the town of Mazagan that even General Lyautey had nicknamed “the Moroccan Deauville.” They all claimed to be from the countryside, that they knew neither how to read nor write in order to get hired through the Buro de Blassé – Placement Office in El Jadida. Several if not all were of my acquaintance through sport, studies and frequenting the same places and the same neighborhoods of residence. A whole generation of Moroccan Mazaganais – Jdidis – were thus displaced and planted in the basements of the Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Textile Factory in Echirolles, the industrial suburb of Grenoble and place of residence of the marginalized social classes pushed to outside the central town of Isère. Echirolles where the Harkis, the Portuguese, the Spanish, the Poles and the “travelers”, Manouches and Gypsies resided.

Presentation of Echirolles
The commune of Échirolles (36,932 inhabitants in 2019; 786 ha; municipal site) is located just south of Grenoble.

Échirolles would have been named after the Latin scuriolus, “a place inhabited by squirrels”, here referring to wooded hills. Another possible etymology links Échirolles to léchirolle, “place planted with sedges”, here the marshy plain of the Drac river which once covered the entire municipal territory and was then dried up. Another local etymology claims that Échirolles is derived from the Latin “ex Cularo”, “outside Grenoble”. In the 13th century, the Templars established a commandery in Échirolles; they cleared and drained the district, so that Échirolles extended well beyond the hills where it was already founded.
Created as a parish in 1825 by separation from Bresson, Échirolles obtained the status of commune on December 25, 1833. In 1926, the Société Nationale de la Viscose built an artificial silk factory, completed in 1927 by a workers’ housing estate, which accelerated the urban development of the town.
Count Hilaire de Chardonnet (1836-1924) invented the first artificial silk thread, made from wood pulp. In 1925, Louis Chatin and Edmond Bizot founded the Société Nationale de la Viscose (SNV) for the industrial production of viscose yarn. The first rayon thread was produced at the Échirolles factory on May 7, 1927. The factory soon hired up to 1,000 workers, half of whom were women. The working environment was so harsh that most local workers refused to work there, being replaced by immigrant workers, who soon made up 90% of the workforce. The SNV was taken over in 1951 by the French Viscose Company, in 1956 by the Industrial Company of Artificial and Synthetic Textiles, and finally, in 1971, by Rhône-Poulenc. The factory was finally closed on March 2, 1989, in memory of the Viscose Museum inaugurated in 1992 (website). Source: Ivan Sache, September 17, 202

Myself and this youth in full effervescence transformed into a chemical labor mass disembarked from our “Bled” Fortaleza Mazagao the first European city built on the coast of the Atlantic by the Europeans in this case the Portuguese and which moved to the other coast of the Atlantic to locate in the Para of the Amazon like Velha and Nova Mazagao. The relief of Fortalez Mazagao remained abandoned for a certain time given the destruction caused by the Portuguese during their evacuation which had blown up a large part of the fortified city, annihilating a large part of the first arrivals on the ramparts while the Portuguese fleet was offshore. A mistake and a betrayal of the peace evacuation agreement signed by the King of Morocco and the Captain of the Portuguese Garrison. Such a feat of arms condemned the city for quite a long time with its hurtful, disturbing and “betraying” memories.

Later, when the wounds were camouflaged by time and the need to open the maritime doors of Morocco to the invading trade of Europeans henceforth flooding Africa after the end of the slave trade and its abolition as well as the independence of the countries of North and South America. In these new conditions, the countries emerging from Europe and the United States, stimulated by British liberalism and also wanting to compete with it on its own overseas maritime bases, needed to transform their direct warlike relations and conquest through the installation of trading posts and construction of ports all along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia.

Thus, Fortaleza Mazagan already present and located on European maps, the King of Morocco decided to give it a new chance and integrate it into the new circuit of commercial relations which were largely routed through Tangier, the city at the northern tip. and the nearest part of Spain and the cities under Spanish rule, Ceuta and Mellila. Thus, Fortaleza Mazagao became El Jadida, the News which, under the impetus of the presence of the consuls of the main European countries and the United States of America, was urbanized as a replica of Moroccan Deauville, a summer town with a Casino and modern buildings from the “Belle Epoque” period and most of our parents were closely or indirectly involved in international trade since Mazagan had more foreign consulates and representatives of commercial interests from the United States, United Kingdom , France, Spain and other countries, more than the capital of Morocco itself. This presence had at the same time given rise to a cultural effervescence without rival in all other Moroccan cities with the creation of the first postal service and the first post office in all of Morocco, a party hall and a municipal theater, a theater troupe, casinos. , cinemas, clubs for practicing football, basketball, handball, volleyball, sailing, rowing and water polo and swimming, fencing, judo, dance and ballet, tennis, a pétanque club, and cinema libraries, a horse racing racetrack, a car, motorcycle, bicycle racing circuit and cultural clubs and sporting activities of all individual and athletic categories. teams, including equestrian sports.

I myself was a starter in the Basketball, Handball, Football, Volleyball and Fencing teams while being a member of the Moroccan National Civilian A and Pre-Olympic Team in Handball and Selected in the Team National School and University Men’s Basketball Team, and the Men’s National A Basketball Team. This without adding that before arriving at the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, I was already a member of the ASPTT Montpellier Baskeball Team which had recruited me from Morocco through Badredinne Hachad. At the same time, I was also Captain and coach of the University Team of the Montpellier Academy Handball Section. Subsequently, I was also recruited by the First Division Handball Team Munster O8 of the Handball Bundesliga – First Division in the German Championship.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Sport Bio

All this sporting, social and cultural past I had realized before arriving in Montpellier first, in Munster and in Grenoble where these Pseudo-Teacher Rogues did not even know a petal of everything that I describe above as background cultural, social, economic and human in which I had formed my vision of the world and with the world and its diverse peoples.

These left-wing evaders, mistreated by their own individual excesses and deviations, remained adrift and massacred us to silence us because we know better than them and we make them understand and therefore they found no other weapon to try to Watching us that the final grade at the end of the university year was their petty and treacherous revenge.

This category of madmen I called them the Chameleons, and also the razor blade cutting left and right with sharper right ends to sacrifice all those who came from North Africa and a Muslim country. Several of my contemporaries had to abandon their studies at SciencesPo Grenoble given all the ramparts and obstacles invisible to the naked eye but disastrous and almost insurmountable for the construction of an intellectual path and the construction of an academic vision of research.

undermined by fascists invisible in broad daylight but morbid once their occult and hidden designs are shaken by concepts and beliefs stronger in the Darkness as in the clarity of thought since it conveys an irremediable movement of change for the best of Africans. I took this movement and I defended it in 1977 within the agora of Grenoble and I lost more than one year of studies, I lost a transfer to the Institute of Studies on the Development in Brighton and other peripheral advantages.

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 Walled Africa at Sciences Po Grenoble: Right-wing Extremist Fortress and Fake Progressives in 1977-78

Sciences Po Grenoble  in 1977-78: Right-wing Extremist Fortress and Fake Progressives

To my African Sisters and Brothers

Those who have not lived face to face with the anti-African reality to realize at their own level how it could completely ruin their lives. Hoping that my story can help them open their eyes wider While I was a young student at  Sciences Po Grenoble  I describe it in previous link which will allow you to read my story which undermined all the ingredients and opportunities of another future  Made In Great Britain  of the time but my pride in being an African and remaining one was worth all the losses that I subsequently endured like a waterfall of magma burning everything in my path.   … Read more

My wounds have never been healed but my African dignity is my eternal strength … Read more

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Despite all these losses and these low blows received, I stayed the course and I kept my African dignity very great and fully fulfilled in my thoughts and in my action and nothing can take away this reason for my being. conscience and my mind beyond all other considerations. Time rewarded me in my rectitude and my desire to remain anchored in our Mother and Sister Africa, our eternal home.

Destiny Africafrique: Simple Past, Tattooed Memory, Confirmed Fatalism

Posted on August 25, 2023 by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Published on September 9, 2023 on LinkedIn

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Athletic Space 8/6/2021 – https://www.facebook.com/espaceathleticdecherkaoui/

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Indian ink, Endearing Memory, 1977

So be it, in France, while I was still a student at Sciences Po in Grenoble, I formulated a project on the Development of China and I presented it as the model to imitate and follow by all these former African colonies which were shaken during the 1970s by the brutality and sudden oscillations of the international market and the weight of external debt. In the United States, in the mid-1990s, for Chinese dignitaries, executives and officials, I organized their trade and business visits to the San Francisco Bay Area and provided them with consulting and consulting services. training on international business development.

During this time, twenty years ago, a British organization and publishing house in London asked me to conduct research on telecommunications and technological development in China.

In this research work, I highlighted the direct and ambivalent relationship of the pivotal role of the Chinese State in the direct development of technology in China.

My research, like all the others that I had conducted, was directed through a projection and prediction of the effects and manifestations that could subsequently be generated and in the future of the countries or sectors which were the subjects concerned by my research.

During this period, I worked as Director of International Affairs at Sprint Corp. and as co-chair of the international committee of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce where I had the opportunity to facilitate the visit of the vice-mayor of Beijing and a delegation of Chinese executives from Yunnan. At the same time, I taught curriculum and courses on telecommunications, digital security, and national technology development at the School of Technology at Golden Gate University in San Francisco. All these implications and interests on China and seeing that as a senior consultant with the Center for International Trade Development in Oakland and Berkeley, I was invited by the Chinese government and the provincial government of Guizhou who granted me the best of the best treatment I have ever received from any entity in this world. In fact, I am still redeveloping the same research topic on China’s technological development and intend to publish my entire work in book form. In the meantime, I offer you a glimpse of my interests in Chinese technological advances in the form of the first pages of my work published in London.

Do not hesitate to contact me if you have an interest in the corresponding topics.

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Athletic Space 8/6/2021 – https://www.facebook.com/espaceathleticdecherkaoui/

With 5 Generations and 5 Leaders, China Achieves Fivefold Development

How did all these developments occur within and under almost the same generation of leaders in China? It all started with Paper Tiger succeeded by China Without Mao and transformed into a welcoming Panda host. According to the famous expression of Mao Zedong (1956 interview), America is just a “…  Read moreWith 5 Generations and 5 Leaders China Achieves Fivefold Development

★ CHR🌐NIQUE 🌎 CHERKA🌐UI ★

Morocco Asia – China

Consulting and Training Programs Developed and Conducted by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui in China A Moroccan invited by the Government of China to strategically plan and increase the opportunities for the international trade relations of Chinese Provinces Chinese government to strategically plan and increase opportunities for international trade relations in Chinese provinces WITH 5 GENERATIONS AND 5 LEADERS CHINA ACHIEVES A QUINTUPLE DEVELOPMENT Mohammed VI and the Future of Morocco – Maroc Croissance Afrique October 2, 2021 Kingdom of Morocco 20 years of Reign Royal Revaluation…  Read more Morocco Asia – China

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Bridging Trade with Business and Cultures: Africa – Europe – Americas – Asia Africa Destiny…

★ Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ★ Local, Regional and Global Competences★ – ★ CHR🌐NIQUE 🌎 CHERKA🌐UI ★

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Developed Strategies and Directed Training on Market and Technology to Strengthen ….

From left to right: Tom Bates, California State Senator – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Center for International Trade Development – ​​Executive at the Port of Oakland,

Picture taken at Vista Community College – Berkeley – 1993 Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Developed Strategies and Directed Training on Market and Technology to Strengthen China Trade and… Read more

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Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui was invited by the Government of China to give seminars on the International Development of Chinese Companies _

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui was invited by the Government of China to give seminars on the International Development of Chinese Companies

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Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. ★ 95 articles

https://www.linkedin.com/search/results/all/?keywords=Publications%20de%20Said%20El%20Mansour%20Cherkaoui&origin=GLOBAL_SEARCH_HEADER&sid=O-O

The Academic Price I Paid for Defending China’s Development as a Model for African Economies

The Academic Price I Paid Defending China Development as a Model for African Economies

• Published on September 4, 2015 – French & English Version
• 1 – CHINA – 2 – CHINA: 

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China marks 70th V-Day anniversary with spectacular parade

Celebrating the 70th anniversary of Japan’s capitulation in WWII, China has showcased hundreds…. Read more

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Pour le premier massacreur des vrais penseurs venant d’une autre culture, voila son récit qui est le mien que je vous présentes dans ce lien de mon destin a Sciences Po Grenoble :

Prix de la Défense du Modèle de Développement Chinois a SciencesPo de Grenoble
 March 5, 2023  Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
https://lnkd.in/gMusUuun

Le second Camouflé comme de Gauche mais aussi Un second de l’Extrême Droite:

Diplôme de Sciences Po Grenoble de Second Cycle Section Eco-Fi
– Mémoire de Diplôme: Intervention de l’Etat dans l’Industrie: Le Cas d’Etude de l’Industrie Textile au Maroc.

Comme Encadreur: un Rejeté qui ne connaissait du Maroc et qui a débarqué a SciencesPo vu que Gérard Destanne de Bernis l’avait rejeté de la Fac Sciences Eco vu qui Destanne préférait un plus doué en la personne de Christian Palloix.

Ce rejeté nommé Jean Rosio ne pouvait trouver meilleur que de s’allier a une silencieuse qui allait avec le vent: Danielle Demoustier.

Ce fut durant la periode ou les Maghrebins tout confondus n’etaient pas les bienvenus a SciencesPo Grenoble, surtout celles et ceux qui tenaient tete a ces faux – fuyants de penseurs de gauche alors que leur portefeuille penchent vers l’extrême droite. Elles / Ils avaient peur que l’on prenait leurs idées déformées ou leurs places usurpées et donc étaient tellement radins en notes qu’aucun Maghrébine Révolutionnaire n’est sorti avec des notes supérieures et des mentions élevées.

Il fallait se soûler la gueule pour leur faire plaisir comme je ne consommais point d’alcool, j’étais toujours sur la touche gauche de leur jeu et leur manigance et je n’étais pas le seul dans ce cas.

Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui

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