In many ways, the case is clear. Nearshoring or onshoring can contribute to risk-resistant supply chains and lead to faster time-to-market, more effective planning cycles, and greater flexibility in response to disruption. Proximate sourcing can enable greater control and more frequent site visits, fewer cultural barriers, and better communication. Reductions in logistics costs and lead times can also bolster the balance sheet by freeing up working capital that is tied up in cash outlays to suppliers and inventory in transit.
Colliers International releases a new research report on the latest trends for the manufacturing industry in Asia, Europe and the Americas
Greater focus on automation and digital technology in manufacturing globally is helping to shift workforce needs from low-cost to highly-skilled. This trend is apparent across Europe, and globally, according to a report released by Colliers International. The report discusses multiple pressures which global manufacturing and supply chains are confronting.
“To remain competitive in a global context and future-proof their manufacturing sector, advanced economies are embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution and pioneering new forms of smart manufacturing whereby production combines the “Internet of Things” and digital technology to increase productivity, efficiencies and flexibility. Germany for example pursues this objective through its “Industrie 4.0” programme”. Commented Tim Davies, Managing Director, Head of Industrial & Logistics Practise Group for Colliers EMEA.
While this is putting greater emphasis on the quality rather than the quantity of the workforce in advanced economies, low-cost manufacturers remain an important part of the global manufacturing jigsaw. They are seeing their operations shift into less advanced economies, where labour costs are low and supply is more plentiful.
Karel Stransky, Director, EMEA Corporate Solutions: “Europe ultimately needs additional workers to avoid significant labour shortages. EU states in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are anticipating population declines of approximately 10% by 2050, while the EU dependency ratio is expected to double, a measure reflecting the pressure on the productive population. Rural areas will be the most affected due to the continuing urbanisation trend. This begs a question over the sustainability of local labour pools. Going forward, the countries that will emerge as manufacturing winners will be those who continue to create innovative technologies in the most cost-effective manner, combined with competitive, yet affordable, wages.”
CEE has been one of the main beneficiaries of new productive investment in Europe in the last few decades. This has been primarily focused on a group of so-called Tier 1 countries including the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary. The Czech Republic has one of the highest stocks of manufacturing FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) per capita within CEE. This investment has put local labour markets under pressure.
The Czech unemployment rate has fallen from a post crisis peak of 7.3% in 2010 to 5.1% in 2015 and is expected to fall to just above 4% by the end of 2016, the lowest level in Europe. In Poland, another regional heavyweight, the unemployment rate is predicted to fall to an all-time low of 6.2% by the end of the year.
Meanwhile, gross average manufacturing wages have increased by nearly 50% in the Czech Republic, 57% in Slovakia, 68% in Poland and 73% in Hungary in the space of less than 10 years (2005 to 2014).
These cyclical and structural forces are slowly redrawing the manufacturing landscape across the CEE region as we know it, and are prompting some corporates to consider alternative territories to established manufacturing hot spots.
Rising labour costs and labour shortages in global manufacturing hot spots are redefining the map of global manufacturing, driving growth into the next group of low cost countries such as South Eastern Europe, Turkey and Morocco.
Labour costs are far from being the only determining factor for locating a site or plant or in product-sourcing decisions. The need to improve speed to market and the growing demand for customised product means proximity to final consumers is increasingly important. As a result, regions/countries close to major consumer blocks that offer a good balance between cost/risk are those best placed to benefit from this trend. These include the previously mentioned countries plus South East Asia and Mexico.
In line with Industry 4.0, Western European supply chains are set to become increasingly automated, with robot-operated factories the norm. Port operator APM Terminals, for example, recently announced the opening of the world’s first fully-automated container in Rotterdam Port. Amazon has cut its operating expenses by about 20% by using its Kiva robots, and plans to roll out this technology more extensively across Europe and Asia.
Automation and technology may also enable the return of some traditionally labour intensive productions, from farther afield, as they seek to maximize speed to market. While this will generate new real estate requirements, the overall impact on job markets is likely to be more muted and unevenly felt across skills/qualifications levels, with the low-skilled workforce set to be most impacted.
In CEE, tier 1 markets like Poland and the Czech Republic have become more expensive and increasingly saturated in their primary manufacturing locations. This is likely to pave the way to greater manufacturing investment, particularly by cost-sensitive industries, into “off-the beaten track” regions within these countries or deeper into South Eastern Europe and the Balkans region. Labour cost will be a key driver, with current infrastructure development across the region helping de-risk investment. EU enlargement on other hand seems to have lost momentum but remains important in the mid-long term.
Mediterranean countries like Turkey and Morocco are likely to capture some investment thanks to their large, young and educated workforce and their location at the crossroads of Europe and other emerging regions like Africa and the Middle East. Turkey in particular is the Western’ terminal of China’s Silk Road initiative, aimed at strengthening trade between the Far East and Europe and support China’s outward investment.
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TotalEnergies has announced plans to invest up to $6 billion in Nigeria, the largest oil producer in Africa.
In December 2023, French TotalEnergies announced plans to invest $6bn (€5.47bn) over multiple years in gas production and deep-water projects. This investment will boost its oil and gas operations in Nigeria and is aligned with the trend among international oil companies (IOCs) that are shifting their focus from onshore to offshore operations in Nigeria.
However, there have been challenges in retaining the oil major’s interest in offshore assets in Nigeria, which have been susceptible to insecurity and vandalism. Nigeria’s oil and gas infrastructure, including pipelines, has faced issues related to insecurity and maintenance. Mele Kyari, the group managing director of NNPC Limited, mentioned to senators in November 2023 that over 5,000 kilometers of pipelines in Nigeria are not operational. For example, the pipeline from Warri to Benin has been inactive for the past 22 years.
Equinor, the Norwegian state-owned international energy company, recently sold its stake in the Chevron-operated Agbami field, which is one of Nigeria’s largest deep-water oilfields. The buyer was Chappal Energies, a local rival, and this transaction reflects the broader trend of international oil companies (IOCs), such as ExxonMobil and Shell, either exiting or planning to exit certain operations in Nigeria.
Nigeria has seen a continual drop to a multi-decade low of below 1 million barrels per day in 2022 due to challenges such as oil theft, vandalism, and aging infrastructure. Nigeria is actively working to overcome these obstacles and boost production levels. All these conditions have resulted in the loss of revenues at a time when international demand such as the European need to find substitute suppliers for Russian oil and gas and China and India’s increased reliance on fossil energy.
Nigeria plays a significant role in TotalEnergies’ global output, contributing 8 to 10 percent of the company’s total production. Additionally, Nigeria accounts for more than 18 percent of TotalEnergies’ overall investments.
This is a Consulting Based Advice and Managerial Counseling and it is not legal advice. If you need to consult a lawyer, we help you find the expert on these questions.
National Petroleum Policy (NPP)Approved in 2017, this policy aims to use hydrocarbons as a fuel for national economic growth.
Nigerian National Gas Policy Approved in 2017, this policy provides a framework for developing and using natural gas.
Petroleum Industry Act (PIA)Signed in 2021, this act aims to create an environment that is conducive to the growth of the oil and gas sector.
Petroleum Industry Act 2021This act aims to address the grievances of communities and create an environment that is conducive to the growth of the sector.
Other goals of Nigeria’s oil and gas policy include:
Making the economy entirely gas-powered by 2030
Recovering 50% of methane recovered from landfills by 2030
Reducing open burning of waste by 50% by 2030
Reducing 30% of emission intensity in the agricultural sector by 2030
Converting 25% of all buses to natural gas by 2030
Phasing out 80% of HFCs by 2045
The Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) is responsible for monitoring the petroleum industry and supervising all petroleum industry operations.
Updated on 7/29/2024 – 3:43 PM Nigeria is blessed with abundant natural resources, especially crude oil. It is at times the largest oil producer in Africa and one of the top ten in the world. However, the country’s refining capacity has consistently been inadequate to meet the demands of its population and growing economy. Nigeria’s … Continue reading
– Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. Posted on – Currently, the war in Ukraine and the sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Commission have led to renewed interest in supplying European countries with alternative energy sources such as the Nigeria – Europe Gas Pipeline. This “opportunistic” revival is currently kept in turmoil by the continuing stalemate in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict following … Continue reading
“Germany and Africa: New Clean Energetic Relation” – Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. Posted on saidcherkaoui@triconsultingkyoto.com German Chancellor Olaf Scholz the New Teutonic African pledges €4 billion in #Africa’s green energy On November 20, 2023, Chancellor Scholz after meeting African leaders and heads of international organizations during the G20 conference, said the conference with African leaders was “the starting signal for stronger, reliable cooperation between Africa and Europe to realize … Continue reading
Supporting African multilateralism: Gradual implementation of the AfCFTA
An ambitious initiative offering opportunities for worldwide businesses
Bringing together 54 signatory states among the continent’s 55, the AfCFTA aims to create the world’s largest free trade zone, representing a market of 1.3 billion consumers.
✈️ African Continental Free Trade Area
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is expected to transform African economies and lead to an increase in intraregional trade and inward investment. There is much progress in negotiations but the ultimate benefits depend on the way AfCFTA commitments are implemented. National AfCFTA Implementation Committees (NICs) can help in this endeavor.
The year 2023 is the African Union (AU) Year of Acceleration of AfCFTA Implementation. In line with the Decision of the 31st Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the African Union (the AU Assembly), held on 1–2 July 2018 in Nouakchott, Mauritania, Member States are required to set up NICs to facilitate implementation of the AfCFTA Agreement.
The primary objective is to boost intra-African trade. “Intra-African trade currently represents only 15% of the continent’s total trade, compared with 58% in Asia and 67% in Europe” (source: UN). The World Bank estimates that the implementation of the AfCFTA will boost intra-African trade volumes by 52.3% by 2025, as well as revenues for Africa and the rest of the world.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui November 14, 2023 – Economic integration involves agreements between countries that usually include the elimination of trade barriers and… Read More
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui August 26, 2023 – At the time of the writing of this document, Her Excellency Dr. Monique Nsanzabaganwa was… Read More
First, AfCFTA implementation structures will need to be designed in ways that align well with existing trade negotiations and implementation structures. Second, the AfCFTA is not only a Free Trade Agreement but also a trade strategy involving a range of complementary instruments that address implementation, monitoring, payment systems, adjustment, and industrial policy.
This has led to much interest in Member States in what effective NICs look like and what they do. The role of the AfCFTA Secretariat in supporting the formation and operation of NICs is paramount. Two features associated with the AfCFTA project are important for implementation.
This briefing, aimed at the AfCFTA community concerned with implementing the AfCFTA, identifies appropriate institutional forms for NICs as well as 10 core functions that effective implementation agencies will carry out. It also outlines a potential five-step AfCFTA template for effective NIC formation and operation.
From negotiations to implementation: Building Effective AfCFTA National Implementation Committees
The African Union’s observations on the AfCFTA augur well for sectoral opportunities for businesses worldwide. Indeed, the institution behind the AfCFTA has made a number of recommendations to ensure that the initiative is properly implemented and achieves its stated projections.
According to the African Union, massive investment will be required in many sectors of African economies. The first and foremost need announced is for investment in improving the continent’s infrastructure. This financing requirement has been identified at between 130 and 170 billion dollars per year (source: AU), and the African Union is calling on governments to give priority to partnerships with the private sector and the transfer of technology on a global scale to modernize infrastructures.
On a sectoral level, opportunities have been identified in manufacturing, a sector that still contributes too little to Africa’s GDP, but whose growth forecasts have tripled following the implementation of the AfCFTA. The African Union particularly insisted on the priority of developing certain sectoral industries such as agro-processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, green technologies, and mineral processing.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui August 9, 2023 – African leaders have suddenly become believers in the benefits of international trade liberalism which have… Read More
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui October 15, 2021 – Moroccan Minister of African Integration Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – October 15. 2021 Africa: Moroccan Diplomacy… Read More
Finally, particular attention is to pay to digital trade and all the technologies that are revolutionizing the way we do business today. Fintech solutions, mobile money and other digital tools for commerce are developing rapidly on the continent and require further investment and innovation.
Economic Integration and Eco-Financial Digitalization of Africa
Startups in Morocco and in many African countries still face a few challenges. The major one is the lack of a pipeline of talented engineers and business course-related graduates. Startups have been forced to settle for less impressive talent because they can not compete with the pull of more established traditional companies.
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In 2021, the combined GDP of the 54 African countries was less than 15% of the GDP of the United States. The continent is made up of many relatively small countries, economies and markets, which is a disadvantage on the global stage, where countries with huge populations and GDPs wield the most influence.
Deeper economic integration in Africa paves the way for shared prosperity and greater global influence. Regional integration, similar to that of the European Union, has been cited as a key element in creating stability, fostering the growth of economies, improving market efficiency, sharing the costs of major infrastructure projects and ensuring peace and safety. And as the world becomes more digital every day, digital integration is essential for successful regional integration.
In this context, “digital integration” refers to the creation of shared systems and standard rules for digitalization across Africa. This involves digital cooperation, particularly in the areas of finance, governance and security. In practice, digital integration will include concepts such as a harmonized digital financial system, consistent laws across the continent for digital activities, and shared regulatory technology such as identity verification, e-taxation, and business registration systems. in Africa.
Partnerships with the private sector, building interoperable systems, and attention to electrical and Internet infrastructure are three key ideas that could help accelerate this digital integration.
Strategic Insights and Planning Inputs for Export and Import Operations
When it comes to export and import consulting services related to the United States, there are several options available. Here are a few reputable services TRI CK USA will help you with:
Customs Consulting Services:
USA Customs Clearance: TRI CK USA will help you with personalized, 1-on-1 consultations with licensed experts in customs and import-related matters. These sessions provide specific solutions tailored to your situation, setting you on the path to import success. Topics covered include power of attorney, importer of record, customs bonds, harmonized tariff classification, required documentation, duties, tariffs, and letters of credit
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Important Aspects
Why They Matter
Valuation
What is the price paid for the goods that are imported? Companies need to report all fees, costs, and pricing changes.
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. (HTS)
You must assign an HTS code based on the country of origin. This information establishes duty rates and trade statistics for imported goods.
Country Of Origin
Country of Origin is more than just listing where your shipment is from. CBP uses this information to increase or decrease duty based on several factors.
Quantity
You need to report the number of imported goods to meet your compliance responsibilities. HTS outlines which unit of measure needs to be reported when filing an import declaration.
Typical Use Cases: Whether you’re just getting started, need help identifying HTS codes, or require guidance on product-specific duties and tariffs, TRI CK USA got you covered.
TRI CK USA will help you to choose the option that best fits your needs and situation. Whether you’re navigating customs regulations, seeking market insights, or exploring business opportunities, these services can provide valuable assistance.
“African Ride in the Memory Path of Martin Luther King, Jr. Way: Milky Way at Oakland Hood“. – Photo by Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Martin Luther King Avenue, Oakland, California – 2020 International Languages and Cultural Services Let’s do the Right Move Together and the Right Communication International Languages and Cultural Services You are interested … Continue reading Cultures for International Operations
Some Sweet Taste and Thought about a Country Crossing so Many Challenges Internally and Internationally if not also Regionally while it is the Heart of the African Union and the Most successful in Keeping its Independence during the time when Africa was the target of all occupations and invasions.
Africa Case – Study: Honey in Ethiopia
Here is To Bee Ethiopia with the Maker of Sweet Honey and Wax of the Bee
Ethiopia is also the fourth largest beeswax producer in the world after China, Turkey, and Argentina.
Ethiopia is also the continent’s leading producer and exporter of beeswax and honey. The country has approximately 7 million bee colonies.
Ethiopia is the largest honey producer in Africa, producing around 45,300 tonnes annually. However, the country’s potential annual production is estimated to be 500,000 tonnes of honey and 5,000 tons of beeswax. This gap is due to the country’s traditional production system, which results in low productivity.
Ethiopia has three honey production systems:
Traditional: Forest and backyard
Transitional: Intermediate
Modern: Frame beehive
Modern beekeeping is mostly practiced in the central highland and southwestern areas of Ethiopia. Popular systems include Zander, Langstroth, and Dadant.
Beekeeping is a long-standing agricultural practice in Ethiopia. It is a major component in the agricultural economy of developing countries. Beekeeping has been and still plays a significant role in the national economy of the country as well as for the subsistence smallholder farmers.
In 2018, Ethiopia produced 50,000 tons of honey This was produced by more than one million beekeepers, who maintained more than six million bee hives.
Generally, beekeeping is an old agricultural practice in Ethiopia. About one million households are involved in the honeybee’s business.
Ethiopia’s honey is known for its desirable qualities such as low moisture content and a variety of natural and delicious flavors.
Some challenges to honey production in Ethiopia include:
Lack of beekeeping knowledge
Shortage of trained manpower
Bee behavior: Swarming and absconding behavior of bees
Shortage of beekeeping equipment
Pests and predators
Pesticides: Increasing use of pesticides on farming land, inappropriate use of pesticides, and sublethal exposure to pesticides
Inadequate research and extension services
Bee forage: Limited availability of bee forage, especially water during droughts
Infrastructure: Poor infrastructure development
Credit: Lack of credit access
Financial: Financial problems
Input costs: High input costs
Climate change: Climate change hazards like flooding and droughts
Beekeeper safety: Theft and vandalism by humans
Some factors that could improve honey production in Ethiopia include:
Modern hives
The southwestern part of Ethiopia, has dense natural forests, appropriate environmental conditions, and different species of flora and fauna
Over the past 26 years, the average amount of honey produced per hive in Ethiopia is 8.3 kilograms. Traditional beehives produce between 5 and 8 kilograms of honey per colony per year. Modern hives can produce up to 60 kilograms of honey per hive.
The amount of honey produced per hive depends on several factors, including: Colony strength, Environmental factors, Bee forage availability, Hive type, Beekeeper management.
The most common way for beekeepers to make money is by selling honey. A single hive can produce 50–100 pounds of honey per year, which can sell for $5–$20 per pound. Raw honey is in high demand globally.
Other products from the hive include: Wax, Propolis, Royal jelly.
Beekeepers can also make money by renting out their bees for pollination services. Some beekeepers earn a full-time income from this alone. To do this, they need a lot of equipment, beehives, and experience.
Ethiopia Honey in the Global Market
Ethiopia is the largest producer of honey in Africa, accounting for 23.6% of the continent’s total production. However, Ethiopia only accounts for 2.9% of global honey production. This is due to differences in production methods.
Ethiopia is also the fourth largest producer of beeswax in the world.
In 2022, the average price of honey exports from Ethiopia was $3,555 per ton. The average price of honey imports into Ethiopia was $2,181 per ton. The global honey market was valued at $8.58 billion in 2021. It is expected to grow to $12.9 billion by 2030.
The United States is the world’s leading importer of honey. In 2022, the US imported $794 million worth of honey from other countries.
China is the world’s largest market for honey. In 2021, China produced over 472,000 metric tons of honey, which is almost five times more than the second-largest producer, Turkey.
The main buyers of Ethiopian honey are:
Germany, United Kingdom, Sudan, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
The main buyers of Ethiopian beeswax are: Germany, Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Italy.
Global Honey Market and Producers
The global honey market was valued at $9.3 billion in 2023. It’s expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.4% from 2024 to 2032.
China is the leading country for honey production. In 2021, China produced about 500,000 tons of honey, which is a quarter of the global honey output.
Here are some other estimates for the global honey market:
2022: $8.9 billion
2021: $8.58 billion
2020: $8.17 billion
2017: Peak production of 1.88 million metric tons
Most of the world’s honey comes from domesticated beehives. The top five honey producers are China, Turkey, Argentina, Ukraine, and the United States. These five countries produce 1.2 million metric tons of honey annually.
Here are some of the top honey-producing countries:
China – The world’s largest honey producer. China has many honey bees and a variety of plants.
Iran – Produces about 77,000 tons of honey each year.
Turkiya – Produces 96,344 tons of honey. Turkey’s Black Sea region produces a rare and expensive honey called “Elvish honey”.
New Zealand – The country with the highest dollar value of honey exports in 2021. New Zealand is the sole distributor of Manuka honey.
Honey is a source of vitamins, minerals, calcium, and antioxidants. It’s also used to nourish bee colonies.
This is not professional financial advice. Consulting a financial advisor about your particular circumstances is best.
For Insights and Business Intelligence on Honey Sector in Ethiopia or in other countries, please send an email of interest to: info@triconsultingkyoto.com
The last decade has seen the optimism of Africa Rising give way to concerns of stagnation, debt, conflict and food insecurity. Yet many of Africa’s economies have continued to grow. African tech attracts large amounts of capital and the continent’s commitment to creating a single market has resulted in many other countries paying Africa unprecedented attention, creating opportunities to attract more investment. How can African countries steer the right diplomatic and economic course; manage the energy transition effectively and also create the economic conditions to ensure that its young, fast-rising populations find jobs to fulfil their own aspirations and contribute to their nations’ development?
Gather a prestigious line-up of businesses, policymakers and thought leaders from Africa and around the world for serious and productive discussion about the Africa continent’s challenges and aspirations.
77% of in-person attendees in 2023 were CEO, Managing Director, Vice President or Director level meaning you are amongst top decision-makers
An opportunity to establish new relationships and strengthen existing ties through the summit dinner, drinks reception and networking lunch
You’ll be joining a prestigious business community from across Africa and beyond
Here are some economic and investment summits in Africa:
2023 BRICS Summit: South Africa hosted the BRICS Summit.
Financial Times Africa Summit: A one-day event for business leaders, politicians, and financiers.
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit: Built on shared values to foster new economic engagement.
Third Turkey-Africa Partnership Summit: Held in 2021.
India-Africa Forum Summit: Last held in 2015.
Other summits include:
Shaping Africa’s Future: Geopolitics. Business. Sustainability.: Brings together people from policy, business, and academia from African and European countries.
Some characteristics of African economic development include:
Economic growth coexists with severe poverty.
Considerable disparities between regions and countries.
Resource exploitation and economic diversification are both being pursued.
In 2023, Africa’s economy slowed to 3.3 percent from 4 percent in 2022. Growth is expected to rebound to 4 percent in 2024.
The Importance of Economic Summit in Africa
By Shirley Ze Yu is Director of the China-Africa Initiative at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at LSE, and senior practitioner fellow at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School.
Economic and investment summits are important for the economic development of every country in the world. The purpose of an economic summit or forum is to position stewardship at the heart of investment decision-making by facilitating dialogue, creating long-term solutions, and enhancing value.[1]Participants can discuss a wide range of subjects including investments, trends in the financial industry, market opportunities in the investment industry, good practices, and related topics. Other objectives of economic and investment summits include the following:
Providing a global platform for engagement and dialogue on emerging and key issues related to investing for sustainable development.[2]
Advancing projects to bankable stage, by effective project preparation as well as efficient transaction advisory services that advances deals in the Africa Investment Forum pipeline.[3]
Helping Africa finance its economic development projects and agenda.
Promoting and facilitate global trade between Africa and the rest of the world.
Creating a solid platform for the African diaspora to contribute to the development of the continent.
The significance of economic and investment summits is undeniable. Africa has a huge need of capital investment necessary to compete in the global economy. The continent is largely underdeveloped in a variety of sectors. Therefore, the promotion of capital investment remains a gigantic alternative to close this gap and advance Africa economically.
US-Africa Leaders’ Summit
U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit
A general view during the U.S.-Africa Leaders Summit at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C. on Tuesday, December 13, 2022 (U.S. Department of State)
The US-Africa Leaders’ Summit is another major international forum to be considered. It was born on August 4-6, 2014. President Barack Obama initiated this great program to consolidate ties with African nations based on clear principles such equal respect, mutual interests, and common values. For the United States, it represents a unique opportunity to build solid rapports with their African counterparts on several fronts: economic, political, diplomatic, geopolitical, and security. Since its inception in 2014 under President Barack Obama’s presidency, the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit has yielded several great fruits. For example, the 2022 Summit aims to:
Better foster new economic engagement;
Reinforce the U.S.-Africa commitment to democracy and human rights;
Mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and of future pandemics;
Work collaboratively to strengthen regional and global health;
Africa represents a great opportunity for both the US and the world. The Summit offers excellent pathways to tackle the challenges African nations face. The Summit provides the US with an open opportunity to engage directly with African leaders, including political leaders, business officials, entrepreneurs, and the diaspora. It also engages with major institutions on the continent such the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and many more.
Forum on China – Africa Cooperation
The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was established in 2000 as a uni-multilateral partnership platform between China and 53 African states.[2] Like any other summits, the FOCAC is a platform economic cooperation, diplomatic exchange, security relations development, and social interactions between China and Africa. The forum has a clear objective and operating mechanism: to forge a new partnership with Africa and become the world’s most great power by 2049.
The New Africa-France Summit
The aim of this event, with a new format, new actors and new themes to address new challenges is strengthen the bonds between France and Africa.[3] Through this summit, France attempts to reshape its relationship with Africa in several domains: economy, security, business, culture, and politics.
Example of Economic and Investments Summits in Africa
There exist several economic and investment summits in Africa. They include: Nigerian Economic Summit, Africa Investment Forum, Africa Economic Conference, Invest in Africa Summit, Invest in Africa Connect, and Corporate Council on Africa U.S.-Africa Business Summit. Summits are organized by both African leaders, world investors, and governments.
1. The Nigerian Economic Summit
The Nigerian Economic Summit is a partnership between the Nigerian Economic Summit Group and Federal Ministry of Finance, Budget, and National Planning. The first Nigerian Economic Summit was held from February 18-20, 1993. It was held to build a dialogue an economic dialogue between the public and private sector in Nigeria. Since that first Summit, the Nigerian Economic Summit Group, a private sector led think tank, has organized the annual Nigerian Economic Summit in partnership with the Federal Government of Nigeria.
2. Africa Investment Forum
The Africa Investment Forum is Africa’s investment marketplace, championed by the African Development Bank and its partners, to accelerate the closure of the continent’s investment gaps. The Africa Investment Forum operates as a multi-stakeholder, multi-disciplinary platform dedicated to advancing projects to bankable stages, raising capital, and (c) accelerating the financial closure of deals. It is by far one of the most important economic and investment platforms on the African continent.
Figure: The Africa Investment Forum
Source: African Financial Development Bank, 2022.
A flagship initiative of the African Development Bank, the Forum was launched in 2018 with seven other founding partners: Africa 50; the Africa Finance Corporation; the African Export-Import Bank; the Development Bank of Southern Africa; the Trade and Development Bank; the European Investment Bank; and the Islamic Development Bank.
The Africa Investment Forum vision translates into three reinforcing objectives:
Advancing projects to bankable stage, by effective project preparation as well as efficient transaction advisory services that advances deals in the Africa Investment Forum pipeline;
Capital raising to mobilize partners and investors, especially institutional investors, for increased co-financing; and,
Accelerating financial closure of deals through a coordinated approach.[1]
Combined with $32.8 billion from the rescheduled 2021 Africa Investment Forum Market days—which took place as virtual boardrooms in March this year—the forum has mobilized a total of $63.8 billion of investment interest this year. Since its inception in 2018, the Africa Investment Forum platform has mobilized over $100 billion in investment interests.[2]The forum showcases the Africa Investment Forum’s founding partners’ joint resolve to help unleash Africa’s investment potential in such critical sectors as infrastructure, agriculture, energy, education, the creative industries, sports, and transactions that champion women entrepreneurs.
3. Africa Economic Conference
Source: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The 2022 African Economic Conference (AEC 2022), jointly organized by the African Development Bank (AfDB), the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), is planned with the theme “Supporting Climate-Smart Development in Africa”. The conference brings together a variety of stakeholders—including policymakers, climate experts, the private sector, researchers, and youth—to discuss the challenges posed by climate change, identify opportunities and strategies for adaptation and mitigation, draw lessons from successes, identify key strategies for financing mobilization and draft an action plan to support the low-carbon and climate-resilient development of Africa.
4. Invest in Africa Summit
AFSIC – Invest in Africa Summit is one of the most important forums for Investment, Trade and Business into Africa. Invest in Africa Summit is recognized as a unique forum to initiate and promote business networking across Africa and to originate and conclude trade, investment, and close new business deals. The Summit gathers 1000-plus key economic players such as government delegations and policy makers, high-profile African leaders, project developers, investors, and entrepreneurs. The 2-days event provides a unique platform to gain strategic knowledge about African investment opportunities and business networking. The convention will cover economic sectors such as manufacturing and infrastructure development, agribusiness, Renewable Energy, Real Estate transportation, Digital Technology tourism, Financing SMEs, Women in Business, Healthcare, telecommunications, and Fintech, and natural resources sectors.[1]
5. Invest in Africa Connect
Invest Africa Connect is an initiative of Invest Africa, a leading business and investment platform, using over sixty years’ experience in Africa to provide its members with unique information and exposure to business opportunities. Through our Invest Africa Connect program, the organization partner with must-attend conferences, providing our members discounted rates on delegate seats, and invitation to special events taking place alongside these conferences. Invest in Africa Connect plays a central and influential role in Africa’s socio-economic growth by guiding sustainable capital towards key prospects on the continent. Headquartered in London, Invest Africa also operates from four chapter cities: Johannesburg, New York, Dubai, and Geneva.[2]Invest in Africa Connect is on the way to contribute to Africa’s private sector development in several ways.
6. Corporate Council on Africa U.S.-Africa Business Summit
The U.S.-Africa Business Summit is the largest and most influential U.S. conference on doing business and investing in Africa. The Summit explores a renewed commitment by both public and private sector stakeholders to building stronger U.S. and Africa trade, investment and commercial ties as we emerge from unprecedented health and economic challenges. The U.S.-Africa Business Summit brings together several U.S. and African private sector executives, international investors, senior government and multilateral stakeholders. Our objective is to enable you to connect with government and private sector decision makers over the course of four days and to deliver the insights that you need to move your organization forward.[3]The Summits include: plenary sessions and sector-oriented panels, invest in Africa country forums, welcome receptions and gala diners, private meetings, high-level dialogues, doing business in Africa with Prosper Africa agencies, B2B and B2G networking, and exhibition centers.[4]
What are implications of Economic Summits for Africa?
Economic summits carry out several implications no matter where they are held in Africa.
Economic growth
Economic Summits impacts economic growth and have the capacity to create a continental capital development ecosystem that benefits countries and society in general. The level of Africa’s economic development will be driven by the degree of investment opportunities it builds directly or indirectly. The more investment a country makes it in its economy the more economy growth it gets. For example, economic summit drives foreign direct investment.
FDI inflows to the African continent and subregions, 2020-2021
Source: World Investment Report 2022
This figure indicates that Africa has continued to attract foreign direct investment from a wide range of partners worldwide. Africa has a substantial private investment gap. Every business needs money to grow and generates revenue. For instance, from 2020 – 2021, Africa’s five regions: North, West, Central, East, and South Africa, attracted $83 billion.[1]
In the majority of cases, these businesses are spearheaded by Africans under the age of 35. In fact, 2021 was a record-breaking year for Africa’s start-up scene, which secured over $2 billion in funding. The African Development Bank (AfDB) attributes this mostly to “large economies and sizeable populations.”
Human Capital Development
There is an undeniable relationship between human capital and economic growth. What makes it possible is the amount of money and quality of capital investment. Capital investment is a critical contributor to the development of capabilities and knowledge.
Countries with high-quality human capital stocks can benefit more from the financial sector, as many scientists, researchers, doctors, accountants and financial analysts in these countries can make efficient and effective choices among different alternates. They are more efficient and effective in using opportunities and resources and can also innovate better to support the financial sector growth. These are all essential to promote growth in the economy.[2]
There is an excellent relationship between economic summit and financial capacity building and quality human resource development. A well-developed economic system is key to the growth of society in general. In this growing digital world, young people need to be trained to the new technology innovation and development norms as they influence the future of work. Money investment and economic growth are strictly related by the fact that a robust venture capital and foreign direct investment are facilitators of economic development. Economic summits should be at the center of Africa’s international investment attraction for development. Economic summits serve as platforms for African nations to accelerate cooperation and partnership for private sector development. Economic investment and human capital development are intrinsically linked or related. Investments in human capital (youth development) can generate returns.
At the diplomatic level
Economic investment creates or reinforces two types of diplomacy: business and economic. In the international relations, business and economic institutions are basically made up of rules and principles. In business management, it is called contract. In pure diplomacy, it is called cooperation. What is cooperation or international cooperation? International cooperation tends to be associated with development and economic growth. International economic cooperation between countries and/or companies can be seen as a vehicle for diplomatic relations development. Economic and business diplomats facilitate the creation of investment opportunities, build strong international business relations with foreign nations, and act as advisors to young people in their international career development. By organizing and promoting summits, countries seek to consolidate their economic ties and business diplomatic machine in several ways possible.
At the geopolitical level
Secretary of State Antony Blinken declares at the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit: “Africa is a major geopolitical force. It’s one that has shaped our past, it’s shaping our present, and it will shape our future.”
Figure: Anthony Blinken at the US-Africa Leaders’ Summit 2022
Source: US Africa Media Hub on Twitter
Africa represents a gigantic geopolitical battleground for major powers such as the US, France, Russia, and China. Home to what the world needs to continue its development and innovation, Africa remains the most significant geopolitical force. In support of this argument, Ambassador Rama Yade, director of the Atlantic Council’s Africa Center writes:
‘’US policy in Africa has been thrown off course by China, which is methodically implementing a grand, 21st-century Marshall Plan for the continent through its Belt and Road Initiative. And Beijing is hardly to blame. As home to a large share of the world’s water resources, untapped arable land, and by 2050 nearly 25 percent of the world’s population, Africa has emerged as the most important piece on the geopolitical chessboard. Without a drastic shift in strategy, the United States is on the verge of being on the outside looking in for decades to come’’.[1]
It is clear from the above that Africa will continue to attract diverse great powers for its significant amount of natural resources. The continent continues to grow in radical importance for the world including nations like China, America, Russia, and many more. The growing influence of China and Russia in Africa also worries America and its allies. Therefore, there will always be confrontations between these major powers out there. Rama Yade also emphasizes this rivalry in the following text:
‘’China is playing the long game in Africa and has strategically invested in infrastructure projects including railroads, ports, dams, and hydropower-generation sources. But these investments could be the warm-up act for China’s entry into fields traditionally dominated by the United States—namely technology and banking—where it aspires to compete with American heavyweights like Microsoft, Boeing, Google, and General Electric. Such game-changing moves would play into China’s larger ambition of unseating the US dollar’’.[2]
Economic and business summits also have geopolitical implications. Most summits are organized states and their institutions. The nature of these events becomes a political one. For example, China-Africa Forum is a pure product of the Chinese government, creating a clear pathway for them to invest in infrastructure development projects in Africa.
Key Lessons Learned from Organizing Economic and Investment Summits in Africa
There are several lessons to draw from the ongoing development and organization of economic and investment summits on the African continent. We see several benefits and challenges for the continent.
Africa’s development is impossible without proper venture capital investment
Source: Center for Economic Policy Research, 2021
Africa needs capital to grow. This comes from an effective combination of venture capital and foreign direct investment, and other investment opportunities. Dr. Eisen reports that lack of capital access is big problem and blocks the growth of innovation and entrepreneurship in Africa:
In order for Africa to fully utilize its business potential, however, there are many challenges to overcome. It is estimated that 70% of African startups lack access to talent and capital to grow their businesses. The proportion of female-founded startups in the first half of 2022 was only 27%, and investors based in Africa accounted for 29% of total investments. Building a diverse startup ecosystem at home is crucial to maintaining growth momentum and intensifying the technological and digital revolution. African VC firms, accelerators, entrepreneurial support programs and grants from government and nonprofit organizations should comprise this ecosystem.[1]
Dr. Leon Eisen is an inventor, entrepreneur, board member of the Global Africa Leadership Council, WBAF Senator and Oxitone Medical founder. His assessment of the grand challenges facing African entrepreneurs reinforces the urgent needs for African leaders to build more economic summits that would help close this huge gap. With proper management and organization, these investment would generate sufficient funds to accelerate the building of more entrepreneurs on the African continent. It is clear that Africa’s competition in the global economy will be highly dependent on how successful its youth are.
The venture capital big 4 investment paradox is a big problem
The World Economic Forum reports that 92% of Africa’s investment in tech is won by just four countries: Nigeria, Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa. Known as Africa’s ‘’Big 4’’, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, and Kenya continue to attract the important of foreign investment in terms of venture capital funding. The African Development Bank’s (AfDB) 2021 report states that these four countries account for about a third of the continent’s start-up incubators and accelerators and receive 80% of foreign direct investment (FDI) into Africa.[2]One of the plausible ways to address that issue is to facilitate greater investment opportunities everywhere in Africa.
In spite of global inflation and a macroeconomic environment that discourages investments, Africa’s venture capital ecosystem remained bullish in the first half of 2022. There were 445 venture capital deals (to 300 unique companies), setting another record with over $3.5 billion raised. Additionally, it is predicted that VC deals will reach $7 billion by 2023.[3]
The venture capital funding and raising predictions for the next coming years are promising. It is clear signs that the future of business is in Africa. Economic summits constitute great opportunities to finally embark Africa in the next development flight.
The building of responsible investment leadership and opportunities
Several nations in Africa faces several challenges in attracting regional and international investors. Examples of problems include poor infrastructure, corruption, poor international credit rating, and violence. Responsible investment leadership is crucial. In the current business environment, characterized by change and new and sometimes unpredictable challenges, it is important that leaders have the capability to act responsibly, to deliver a business which meets those challenges without causing detriment to their stakeholders or the world in which they exist.[4]
Responsible investment leadership can be seen to bring value and benefits to institutions and young people in Africa. Venture capitalists and investors do not invest in a country that does not fight corruption or create transparent capital investment protection policies. African leaders can all play a significant role in the development of a great continental economic development ecosystem by committed to being responsible investment leaders. A responsible investment in human capital, youth development, and economic development will benefit in a multitude of ways. African leaders should hold themselves accountable, so they should exemplify the characteristics of responsible investment leaders and encourage other populations to do so. A key role for responsible leaders particularly is to ensure that the country or organization is not simply focused on economic development objectives, but rather to propose and implement other key metrics, and provide evidence of the positive impact of responsible decisions. Calling for investment can assist with economic growth, although it is significant that not all leaders behave responsibly and have a measurable impact on society. By promoting responsible capital investment leadership, nations will contribute to a better society of culture and performance at all levels. Responsible investment leadership will contribute to the development of an ecosystem that will not leave African entrepreneurs’ hostage to the ever-growing big dollar whims of several venture capitalists and foreign investors.
Conclusion: where do we go next?
Africa is at the center of gigantic economic stakes for the world. Economic and investment summits constitute excellent engines that Africa should use to increase investment opportunities and improve the economic situation out there. Considering the above lessons African governments and policymakers should encourage international investment marketplaces through strong public-private partnerships. Money will always become the fuel that keeps an economy running. Therefore, economic and investment platforms such as summits and conferences will still be the center stage of capital raising through which Africa will grow its economy. Institutions such as the African Development Bank, US Chamber of Commerce, US Corporate Council on Africa, World Economic Forum, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTD) can assist in the provision of economic summits to contribute to capital investment on the African continent. They provide platforms for engagement and dialogue on emerging and key issues related to investing for sustainable development. For Africa in particular, economic summits to promote new investments in industry can contribute to a significant amount of economic development and societal changes. International investment platforms will continue to become a driving force for a more inclusive and sustainable continental economic growth at all levels. The consequences of economic summits will be potentially far-reaching for the configuration of the continental value chain with big implications for economic development. Although most countries see a tiny fraction of venture capital investment as opposed to the Big 4’s, the promises of current successful investment promotion platforms throw a huge amount of optimism in the air.
Economic summits organized in Africa or by Africans across the world, like any other forms of investment platforms, will contribute to the construction of an incommensurable explosive economic dynamic, rebuilding the capital investment culture necessary to make Africa compete in the global economy. Economic summits help foster a solid innovation environment that sustains financial development and growth. Most significantly for making Africa the center stage of the world’s future and emerging as an economic powerhouse.
To that end, African leaders must encourage the building and organization of more economic summits that could be critical ways for generating capital funding and foreign direct investment, catalyzing new employment and business development in Africa, helping more young people find a place in a changing continental and global economy, and changing the economic story of a continent that is really one of the world’s greatest diplomatic machines.
As long as Africa does needs venture capital investment to grow and as far as the venture capital investment game continue to be played out across the globe, Africa will just sit and Watch. Indeed, young leaders will find ways to grab their parts of the cake.
Notes
Shirley Ze Yu is Director of the China-Africa Initiative at the Firoz Lalji Institute for Africa at LSE, and senior practitioner fellow at the Ash Center, Harvard Kennedy School.
Special note
The views expressed in this note can be attributed to the named author only.
[1]US Department of State (2022). US-Africa Leaders’ Summit. https://www.state.gov/africasummit. This piece of information was extracted from the Department of State’s Official Website.
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While Ghana aspires to modernize and expand economic opportunity, it is constrained by a struggling power distribution sector and unreliable electricity for homes and businesses. As a leading trade hub in West Africa, Ghana’s economic success carries global significance.
Ghana, like many African nations, has long grappled with energy access and reliability issues, hindering industrialization in both urban and rural communities. Between late 2012 and 2016, Ghana experienced a severe electricity crisis called ‘Dumsor’.
This crisis was caused by a drought from the Volta Lake that threatened electricity production from the Akosombo Dam, Ghana’s largest energy generating station. The crisis triggered a severe power rationing programme resulting in heavy load shedding throughout the country. At the height of this crisis, consumers faced at least 16-hour power cuts every 24 hours. Henceforth, the country’s power sector has failed to keep up with increasing demand from a growing population of over 31 million people.
Ghana’s energy sector has significant debt. The country’s electricity access rate is 86.63%, with 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents connected to the electricity grid.
In 2021, 86.63% of Ghana’s population had access to electricity. This is a 0.86% increase from 2020. 50% of rural residents and 91% of urban residents are connected to the electricity grid. Ghana’s electricity access rate is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. The Bank’s April 2023 Africa’s Pulse Report scored Ghana 81.2%. This was followed by:
Côte D’Ivoire (77%)
Kenya (76%)
Senegal (73.5%)
Nigeria (69.1%)
Rwanda (65%)
Gambia (61%)
Ghana’s installed capacity is around 4,300 MW. In 2018, Ghana’s peak demand exceeded its installed capacity by more than 2,000 MW. Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo.
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – Updated on June 7, 2024 – April 1, 2023, – January 5, 2022 and Originally Published on October 3, 2021 Introduction and explanation of the reason for writing and publishing the following articles that are reflective of decades of research around the world … Continue reading Morocco Power for Great Britain
TRI CONSULTING KYOTO TRI CK USA – OCTOBER 5, 2021 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Publications on Electricity in Morocco and the Relation of Africa with Europe Via Morocco for the Gas and Power Distribution Moroccan Kingdom – United Kingdom: Electrical Link by Submarine Cable Updated on … Continue reading Africa-Morocco: Gaz Power and Europe
Ghana’s electricity demand is expected to rise from 21.3 thousand gigawatt hours in 2021 to over 36.5 thousand gigawatt hours in 2030. However, Ghana’s actual availability of electricity rarely exceeds 2,400 MW due to:
Changing hydrological conditions
Inadequate fuel supplies
Dilapidated infrastructure
Ghana’s energy sector is expected to see generation/supply shortfalls of at least:
467MW in 2025
916MW in 2026
Ghana’s power supply sources include:
Hydroelectricity
Thermal fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel
Solar
Imports from La Cote D’Ivoire
Ghana’s energy supply is dominated by thermal generation (68%), followed by hydropower (31%). Gas is the largest source of electricity production, followed by hydropower.
Ghana’s Current Response to the Energy Crisis
Ghana unveiled its $550 billion Energy Transition and Investment Plan (ETIA) at the UN General Assembly on September 21, 2023. The plan aims to achieve net-zero emissions and universal energy access by 2060. It also aims to create 400,000 jobs.
H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghanalaunched the Ghana Energy Transition and Investment Plan on 21 September 2023 during the UN General Assembly.
“This pioneering “Energy Transition and Investment Plan” maps out Ghana’s journey to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 based on the latest data and evidence, ensuring that as our economy thrives, it does so in harmony with the environment.” Declaration of his H.E. Nana Akufo-Addo, the President of Ghana.
The Energy Transition and Investment Plan includes:
The Energy Transition and Investment Plan is expected to be the government’s main roadmap for achieving these goals. It will help Ghana achieve net-zero energy-related carbon emissions by deploying low-carbon.
Achieving net-zero emissions
Creating 400,000 jobs
Universal energy access
150 GW of solar PV
Hydropower, biomass, solar energy, and wind energy
To address energy shortfalls, the Ghana government introduced policy interventions in 2019 aimed at boosting the utilization of renewable energy and fulfilling its commitments to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7). The key of these interventions was the Government’s Renewable Energy Master plan, which sought to among others, increase the proportion of renewable energy in the national energy generation mix from 42.5 MW in 2015 to 1,363.63 MW by 2030.
Ghana integrated some renewable energy solutions into its national grid, which also includes a Hydro-Solar Hybrid (HSH) plant at Banda in the Bui enclave. This HSH plant, managed by the Bui Power Authority, has a hydro capacity of 404MW and a solar capacity of 55MW. The plant makes use of Huawei’s Smart Photovoltaic (PV) Solution to fuel the national grid which supports communities, factories, enterprises, and small-scale businesses of over 24,000 locals in the Banda community. Bui Power Authority – BPA supports the Government’s goals of increased renewable energy penetration in the country and its greenhouse gas reduction obligations.
Aerial-view-of-the-5MW-Floating-Solar-at-the-Bui-Generating-Station. This is the strategy that Morocco should emulate to save energy, to produce clean energy near where it is needed most while protecting the reserve of water from evaporation during sunny days and recuperating the power produced during the night.
Bui Power Authority leads the way for floating solar Installation in the West African Sub-Region
Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility also features a 1 MW floating solar component. Due to increasingly low water levels, especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.
The most commonly used energy resources are:
Biomass (46.667%)
Oil (40.52%)
Natural gas (10%)
Ghana’s energy strategy is to diversify its energy portfolio and increase the role of renewables.
The government’s Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) aims to increase the country’s renewable energy capacity from 42.5 MW in 2019 to about 1390 MW by 2030.
The REMP is a US$ 5.6 billion investment plan, with more than 80% coming from the private sector. The plan is implemented over a 12-year time-space, from 2019 to 2030.
Ghana’s energy strategy includes:
Ghana’s National Energy Policy focuses on the country’s vast mini hydro potential. Twenty-one micro- and medium-hydro power sites, with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW, have already been identified as suitable for power generation.
Renewable energy: Ghana’s goal is to have 10% of its energy come from renewable sources by 2030. This includes adding 520 MW of solar, 325 MW of wind, and 60 MW of hydro from 2022 to 2030.
Net zero emissions: Ghana plans to achieve net zero emissions by 2060 by using six main decarbonizing technologies.
These technologies include:
Small hydro potential: The government’s National Energy Policy focuses on using the country’s small hydro potential. Ghana has 21 micro- and medium-hydro power sites with generation capacities ranging from 4kW to 325 kW.
Energy Sector Recovery Program: The Energy Sector Recovery Program (ESRP) was approved in 2019 to address cost under-recovery in the sector. The program is a five-year plan with 30 reform actions to bring the sector into financial equilibrium by 2023.
Electrification and renewables
Carbon capture and storage
Low-carbon hydrogen
Battery electric vehicle technologies
Clean cooking technologies
Ghana’s energy mix is expected to provide affordable electricity at a generation cost below 4.5 cents/kwh.
Some ways to solve Ghana’s energy crisis include:
Diversifying the electricity generation mix
Expanding the prepaid metering system
Having other independent power distributors
Consulting energy experts and engaging civil society organizations
Producing biofuels from plants like corn and soybeans
Promoting the establishment of dedicated woodlots for wood fuel production
Promoting the production and use of improved cookstoves
Replacing high energy-consuming appliances with energy-efficient refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, and lighting systems
Other possible solutions to the global energy crisis include:
Moving towards renewable resources
Buying energy-efficient products
Lighting controls
Easier grid access
Energy simulation
Performing energy audits
A common stand on climate change
Ghana Actual Energy Supply Chain Management:
According to the International Trade Administration, Ghana’s energy sector currently relies on hydro and thermal generation fueled by crude oil, natural gas, and diesel. Thermal generation accounts for nearly 66% of Ghana’s power generation mix, with hydro accounting for 33%. In total, Ghana’s electric access rate stands at just over 86%, with 91% of urban residents and 50% of rural residents being actively connected to the electricity grid.
Ghana imports energy to secure its supply and promote inter-regional energy trade. Ghana imports natural gas from Nigeria through the West African Gas Pipeline. Ghana also imports petroleum fuel because it has limited oil reserves.
Ghana’s over reliance on fossil fuels makes its energy insecure and threatens its economic growth and development. The country’s power sector cannot meet electricity demand. The Ghanaian government is turning to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel source.
These are the prevailing conditions of the Energy sector in Ghana and the Government is seeking an exit from such dilemma and challenging energetic deficiencies.
The Energy Commission of Ghana was established in 1997. The commission’s main objectives are to:
Regulate and manage Ghana’s energy resources
Coordinate all energy-related policies
Provide the legal, regulatory, and supervisory framework for all energy providers in the country
Grant licenses for transmission, wholesale, and supply
Advise the government on energy matters
The commission consists of seven commissioners responsible for: Licensing, Renewables, Infrastructure, Efficiency. The Ministry of Energy is responsible for:
Formulating, monitoring, and evaluating energy policies, programs, and projects
Supervising and coordinating the activities of Energy Sector Agencies
Implementing the National Electrification Scheme (NES)
Formulating and implementing laws and policies, such as the Renewable Energy Act of 2011
Foreign investments in Ghana
Kasoa, C/R, Ghana – With the inauguration of the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point (BSP) today, the United States has completed its nearly six-year $316 million investment in Ghana’s energy infrastructure, supporting more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana. Jun 1, 2022
USD 200,000 for joint ventures with a Ghanaian partner
USD 500,000 for enterprises wholly owned by a non-Ghanaian
USD 1 million for trading companies
Foreign Investments in Ghana’s Energy Sector:
Ghana’s energy sector is becoming an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investment. The country has a high potential for solar energy generation and a favorable investment climate for solar energy companies.
Here are some foreign investments in Ghana’s energy sector:
IFCAs of March 2023, IFC’s investment portfolio in Ghana was $446 million in financing and $12.5 million in advisory services.
Ghana’s top investing countries are South Africa, The Netherlands, France, Mauritius, and China.
China is the world’s largest investor in Africa in terms of total capital. In 2020, China’s total stock of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Ghana was around $1.6 billion.
In the first half of 2021, Ghana’s largest investment partners were:
Singapore: $307.50 million
Australia: $204.01 million
India: $61.57 million
The Netherlands: $46.80 million
Some of Ghana’s other major foreign investors include China, The United Kingdom, South Africa, The Netherlands, and Australia. China maintains the highest number of investment projects in Ghana, followed by India, the UK, South Africa, Turkey, Mauritania, and France.
FDI flows in Ghana are mainly directed to the following sectors:
The State Department says that foreign investors have limited market access in the following sectors:
Oil and gas, Services, Trade, Agriculture, Construction, Manufacturing.
Banking, Fishing, Petroleum, Mining, Real estate, Telecommunications.
U.S. Investments in Ghana
Ghana and the United States have a strong economic partnership with bilateral trade reaching $2.7 billion in 2021. Following the success of the first Ghana Compact with MCC, which supported the country’s transport and agricultural sectors, MCC and the Government of Ghana renewed their partnership in 2014 and signed a $316 million Ghana Power Compact. Jun 1, 2022 — United States – The U.S. government’s Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and the Government of Ghana formally completed the 5-year, $316 million MCC – Ghana Power Compact today, celebrating a partnership that created a more effective, sustainable, and inclusive power sector in Ghana.
MCC Deputy Chief Executive Officer, Mahmoud Bah (center), receives a tour of the Pokuase Bulk Supply Point (BSP), which is one of the four power stations built as part of the $316 million MCC-Ghana Power Compact.
This new investment aimed to transform the country’s energy sector by investing in new power infrastructure, advancing energy-efficiency practices, and creating inclusive economic opportunities in the power sector that will support more reliable power for hundreds of thousands of schools, hospitals, offices, and homes in Ghana, including the Kasoa Bulk Supply Point.
Ghana’s government launched an Energy Transition and Investment Plan on September 21, 2023, during the UN General Assembly. The plan is intended to attract investors and the international community to help Ghana transition to energy. The plan is worth $550 billion and represents an opportunity for the international community to invest in Ghana’s sustainable development.
Ghana’s main sources of thermal power are natural gas, diesel, and sometimes light crude oil. The country exports power to Benin, Burkina Faso, and Togo.
Model for the Generation of Electricity in Morocco
Bui Power Authority – BPA – Model of Mix Generation of Electricity Combining the use of Solar elements added to existing hydropower Plant
The operational 50 MW phase of the Bui Power Authority hybrid-solar-hydro project. Photo Credit: BPA
Power Africa worked with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory to conduct and review grid impact and stability studies for the project, which is being built in installments of 50 MW to a total of 250 MW. The project generates renewable energy from solar that can operate during the day to complement existing hydropower production. The facility, which also features a 1 MW floating solar component, is expected to be completed in 2023.
Mr. Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Senior Minister on behalf of President Akufo-Addo, said, “This project further shows my government’s commitment to deliver on the promise to increase the renewable energy component in our energy mix to 10 percent by 2030.”
The operational 50 MW phase of the Bui Power Authority hybrid-solar-hydro project. Photo Credit: BPA
Due to increasingly low water levels in Morocco, as is the case in Ghana also especially during the dry season, BPA opted to add a solar element to the existing hydropower plant. This move enables the plant to operate during the day, harnessing the vast solar radiation resource in northern Ghana while giving grid operators more flexibility to run the hydropower plant during the evening.
This novel approach has the potential to be replicated with other utilities not only in Ghana but across the West African sub-region as well as in the entire Africa where similar challenges existed. This approach can lead to more sustainable forms of energy generation.
In line with Ghana’s mission to promote access to reliable, clean, and affordable electricity, Power Africa assisted the Bui Power Authority (BPA) to operationalize the first 50 megawatt (MW) phase of its 250 MW solar-hydro hybrid project. This first 50 MW plant resulted in the doubling of Ghana’s grid-connected solar energy and is expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions by more than 47,000 tons per year.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui – Oakland, California 1/22/24
Les Groupes de Said El Mansour Cherkaoui ou vous pouvez lire ses publications:
In France, while I was still a student at Sciences Po in Grenoble, I formulated a project on the Development of China and I presented it as the model to be imitated and followed by all these former African colonies which were during the 1970s, shaken by the brutality and sudden oscillations of the international market and the weight of foreign debt.
In 1977, I defended China as the Model of Development for Former Colonized Countries and I have put down the precipice and almost kick-out of the Sciences Politiques of Grenoble I had to fight hard to continue my studies against as we say in French “contre vents et marées de “mesquinerie” and sabotage including racist attacks ” to bring my lost ship to the port of knowledge and know-how.
My research like all the other previous ones was conducted through a projection and a prediction of the effects and manifestations that could be generated down the road and in the future of the countries or sectors that were the topics of my research.
My Presentation on China’s Development Focused on the Nationalist Choices Made by the Chinese Leaders
First, I relegate religion which is used as an impediment to development and I stated with example that Religion is not the cause or a contributor to the burst of violence and acts of terrorism: Religion is used as a reason for anger and revolt against the aspirations of the people to live peacefully.
None of the 3 divine religions – Hachem – God – Allah – tell you to live in misery and go kill the other to steal their life and belongings.
China developed itself because it had leaders who went to watch closely what is Capitalism in the European countries. They observe closely what is in its essence by working in industrial factories and studying closely the capitalist system in its relations to and in production, its impact on the capital-labor interactions, and in regards to the distribution of its most added among the capitalists. They also explore the relationship of the capitalist countries with their colonies, the USSR and China to ensure how is stimulate the growth of this added value.
2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Diligent Work and Frugal Study Association’s program, which sent over 1,500 Chinese students to France over three years just after World War I.
“Lesser emphasized outside of China is that Zhou Enlai, Mao Zedong’s enigmatic yet charismatic premier, and minister of foreign affairs, played a pivotal role in the negotiations that led to the rapprochement of relations between the People’s Republic and the United States, was also a student in France. The top echelon of China’s revolutionary military was also represented in the work-study program in France. Chen Yi, one of ten of China’s famed grand marshals, and later mayor of Shanghai, was a student. So was Nie Rongzhen, also a grand marshal. Nie led the State Science and Technology Commission, and as such was instrumental in developing China’s atomic bomb. Li Fuchun became vice premier of China. After his studies in France, like many of his classmates, he went on to further studies in the Soviet Union. He negotiated for Soviet assistance. During the Great Leap Forward, after taking peasants from their farms and putting them in factories, he reversed the process as China went into famine as a result of declining agricultural production.” Source
Even the Leader of Vietnam did the same. Ghandi and Nehru from India also followed this trajectory to understand what British capitalism is. The father of the Modernization of China, Deng Xiaoping’s journey in France as a member of a student program exchange. We can continue the examples with other Leaders
It is in line with this learning and this desire to move the country forward and to direct it towards the construction of an educational framework that meets real needs and respects national conditions for deep local and regional reforms and integration as long as a new nation through a rational strategy and a national industrial model with options for socialism.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui 8/6/2021
Introduction:
France for me is above all during my fifteen years and more spent within its walls, it is above a land of asylum to continue my sporting, artistic, cultural, and academic activities and for that, I remain full of gratitude to the people who helped me make this journey and cross these fields with knowledge. Of course, I experienced a lot of rejection and marginalization but that as they say was part of the territory I covered and I grew up.
If I take a look at what I have experienced, I would say France is high in my vision of this world, it is that of those who were exceptional individuals who were devoted to helping others, to the success of others, and above all a “Stranger” like I was always considered by the others of clandestine and silent France and sometimes angry and stormy by his lack of inner peace and that since the time of the Romans.
Said El Mansour Cherkaoui, Ph.D. ★ 95 articles
The Academic Prize I Paid for Defending China’s Development as a Model for African Economies
Published on September 4, 2015 – French & English Version
1 – CHINA – 2 – CHINA:
1 – The Price I Paid for China’s Development:
I defended the Chinese Model of Development in 1977 against a Representative and a hard RPR (Rally for the Republic – Chiraquian obedience at the time) and perhaps even a camouflaged extreme right who was a lecturer – I should say a little blackmailer of disasters – at the Institute of Political Studies of the University of Grenoble.
This pseudo-instructor tried to blackmail me so that I change my mind, ideological orientation and political direction and to say in front of all the Students that the West and the French Metropolis have all the solutions for the development of nations formerly colonized. Since I was looking for and advocating another model of development that I had identified in China, he wanted me to declare that China was not the example to follow for economic development for Third World countries.
For him, it is the European countries which were the providers of revenue and means for the development of African countries. My choice became for him a personal matter since other African Students were also part of the Seminar in which I anticipated the results of my research project.
My presentation was centered on the logic of forced underdevelopment on our economies and how to break the shackles of Neo-Colonialism and the subjection of our national decisions and strategies to the good wishes and vagaries of the international situation and market supporters. international financial, commercial, and even martial.
I refused and I lost a year but not my vision of the world which turned out to be correct over time.
This “poor guy”, did not appreciate my research work and my presentation in front of all the other Students of the Economics and Finance section at the Institute of Political Studies of Grenoble. It was the last year to obtain the Diploma of the Institute. He completely sacked me, but the Good Lord repaid him for his abuse.
China also became a new State on bases that were effectively supported by Deng Xiaoping (August 22, 1904 – February 19, 1997) whose photo is the one introducing this draft.
I had effectively demonstrated that the Modernization put in place by this seasoned politician, Deng Xiaoping, was bringing about change. I maintained that the corresponding changes would therefore upset the chessboard and the game of the internationalization of capital and the consequent international division of labour. The modification of these two vectors of foreign investment in third countries will no longer be made according to their own operating and exploitation conditions, but China, taking the examples of Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore, was going to find a way other than that followed by those countries that had been dubbed the “New Industrial Countries and the Dragons of Asia.”
China was seeking to distance itself from such a product assembly model and to integrate its innovative technology into its industrial fabric, with a high added value per product and operation in each industrial unit. This approach subsequently effectively promoted China’s technological momentum while allowing it to find a place among the economic powers of Asia and the world.
Despite this moron and the obstacle he tried to put in my path of reflection and reference for national development, I continued my journey until I was invited by the Government of China to train their Business Leaders here in Oakland (California) and in China itself and where his photos were taken. Likewise, in the meantime, I had even defended a doctoral thesis at the Sorbonne University on the same subject of economic development and integration into the world market by creating a new theory on Subcapitalism.
In celebration of my Triumph over this gratuitous adversity and over the disdain almost tinged with racism and the Academic Smallness of this master of ideological disaster and Pseudo-Right in Grenoble, and what time much later confirmed my choices and my analyses on national economic development, I offer you this article on China and the display of its forces based on the exploitation of its resources for an authentic need for national development and international affirmation at all levels.
Sciences Po Grenoble in 1977-78: Right-Wing Extremist Fortress and False Progressives
★ Strategic Catalyst Driving USA-Africa and Morocco Investment, Trade, and Business Development ★ Policy Adviser in International Affairs ★ Accomplished Public Speaker ★ Distinguished News Editor ★1y Edited
China – Africa 1977: New Model of Development at Sciences Po Grenoble Two Masters of Two Disastrous Conferences at Sciences Po Grenoble A Revengeful Neocolonial Avowed Second Camouflaged from the Left “Progressive” Two Jealous and Repressed of the Knowledge of the Other Maghrebian who has become “Independent” Both came to class smelling of the Wounds of Evil with Advanced Alcoholic Inebriation. One a massacrer of true thinkers coming from another culture, this is his story which is mine and the link of my destiny at Sciences Po Grenoble :
The second Camouflaged from the Left but also A second from the Extreme Right: – Diploma Thesis: State Intervention in Industry: The Case Study of the Textile Industry in Morocco. Sciences Po Grenoble Graduates Eco-Fi Section A Rejected person knowing little about Morocco, landed at Sciences Po Grenoble , rejected from the Sciences Eco Faculty since de Bernis preferred Christian Palloix. Jean Rosio could not find anything better than to join forces with a silent woman who sailed with the wind: Danielle Demoustier. This was during the period when all North Africans were not welcome at Sciences Po Grenoble, especially those who stood up to these evasive left-wing thinkers while their portfolios leaned towards the extreme right.
These two Zombies/Lecturers had fear on their heels from where they got their money, afraid that people would take their distorted ideas and show them that they were usurping their places given the lack of innovation of their knowledge and given that they were stingy in grades and that no Maghreb Revolutionary/s left with superior grades and high honors from this institution of Sciences Po Grenoble , they were the ghost guardians of privileges of the right absent but active through them. I now understand why most foreigners at that time and Moghrebi continued their studies at the Eco Sciences Faculty, the next door where the French True Left resides. For them, it was necessary to get drunk with them to please these lost soul teachers, an active minority of right-wing extremists and “ideological mess thinkers” taking themselves for activists on the barricades, competing with L ‘ PARIS INSTITUTE OF POLITICAL STUDIES – SCIENCES PO as they did not have the necessary juice, they used “left” subterfuges to assert themselves as the continuators of May 68 and the protests of the students and the working class. As I did not consume alcohol, I was always on the sidelines more to the left as a Muslim of their game and their scheme and I was not the only one in this case Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
For the first killer of true thinkers from another culture, here is his story which is mine that I present to you in this link of my destiny at Sciences Po Grenoble :
Prize for the Defense of the Chinese Development Model at SciencesPo de Grenoble March 5, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui https://lnkd.in/gMusUuun
The second Camouflaged as Left but also A second from the Far Right:
Sciences Po Grenoble Second Cycle Diploma Eco-Fi Section – Diploma Thesis: State Intervention in Industry: The Case Study of the Textile Industry in Morocco.
As Supervisor: a Rejected who did not know Morocco and who landed at SciencesPo since Gérard Destanne de Bernis had rejected him from the Fac Sciences Eco since Destanne preferred a more gifted person in the person of Christian Palloix.
This rejected named Jean Rosio could not find better than to ally himself with a silent one who went with the wind: Danielle Demoustier.
It was during the period when all Maghrebins were not welcome at SciencesPo Grenoble, especially those who stood up to these elusive left-wing thinkers while their portfolios leaned towards the far right. They were afraid that their deformed ideas or their usurped places would be taken and therefore were so stingy in grades that no Revolutionary North African came out with superior grades and high mentions.
You had to get drunk to please them as I didn’t drink alcohol, I was always on the left side of their game and their scheme and I wasn’t the only one in this case.
My Generation of Students in France was a Generation that knew the Europeans and the French of Morocco very closely, we lived together in Morocco, shared the same emotions, and we rubbed against the same winds and the same tides and waves of the Atlantic than those of common existence. We were neighbors in everything, in the neighborhood, in schools, high schools and parties and dance balls. We practiced the same sports, Tennis, Fencing, Handball, Volleyball, Basketball and even the everyday sports of System D.
Our teachers and our schoolmasters were our models of success, they were our daily mentors and we were full of gratitude and good feelings towards them in the same way as those we nourished towards our compatriots. Judaic Amazighs.
I had the opportunity to grow up and be taught by a class of Europeans born in Morocco in Doukkala who practiced the same popular language with the accent of our Doukkala and could not be differentiated from my uncles from the countryside or of the city of Mazagan – Mriziga – El Jadida and that by Victor Puglisi, Antoine “Nounou” Oulad Baggio, Maurice Ratel, Alain [Allal] Goirin, Carpozen, Dr. Paoletti, Laporte, Perrault, Marco, Ardouin, Petersen, Vidal, Rizzo, Jacquetty, Adigard des Gautries, Gonzalez, Lepine, Tachx, Gicquel, Clegnac, Perez, Salinas, Gimenez, Martinez, Borgia, Laplante, Tibaudet, Marais, Philippe, Riviere, Dr. Ingarao, Dr. Verdier, Manetti,
Defending Africa or Defending an Industrial Development Model in Morocco by taking the example of Great Britain, is to have on our backs the revengeful and the slaughterers Conference / Arena Masters where we were Gladiators fighting for our intellectual survival and our academic rescue. These bludgeoners of novelty and the projection of ideas in the space of reflection and prospection did not want to admit the limit of their own existences as a claimant to the possession of knowledge and could not have the human courage and the individual honesty for and to recognize their dark ignorances.
This drowning in the absolute of ignorance was conveyed by their search to have the upper hand in order to possess this mental comfort of having North African Students still engulfed in the notion of the “Béni Oui Oui” and the followers of the model of neo-colonial metropolitan modernization that feeds their bellies and fills their wallets and does not accept any alternatives or proposals other than those on which they build their pseudo-knowledge and the basis of their knowledge on the repression of new ideas that are binding and competing their decline by novelty and creativity that time and fate could only confirm.
Inside the building of the Institut d’Etudes Politiques SciencesPo de Grenbole, walking along the corridor starting from the entrance facing the Diderot university restaurant of the CROUS and at the back on the right just before the rear exit which leads to the car park and the University Library, on the right were the rooms for the practical work and in one of these rooms the outrage happened to make me repeat the year just for having dared to present and defend the conclusion of my research which is to say that it is China which is and would be the example of economic development that African countries and the rest of the Third World countries should embrace and adopt for their own economic take-off and to adapt Chinese strategies aimed at poverty reduction and stimulation of social progress and this through an orientation of constructive and developmental socialism and this was by no means the first or the last time that I suffered the wrath of the teachers “backward,fascists and racists” who wore progressive and left-wing thinkers just to occupy lucrative positions and not out of ideological or humanist conviction.
It was necessary to overcome these obstacles to reach the higher level of the DEA to finally find and rub shoulders with the true masters of thought and application of socio-human principles such as my research directors and appointed Professors who facilitated the intellectual development, the success of their disciples and their students: Ian Dessau, Yves Barel, Debernis, Freyssinet, Judee, Palloix and others whose ethical spirit and integrity worthy of all and eternal recognition and praise I salute.
The Turn of Wheel of Chinese Destiny as Response to the French Antagonistic against Said El Mansour Cherkaoui
Destiny of Goodness will always be the driving force of the Good Minds and Good Actions in this existence.
My suffering in 1977 and 1978, years later, were rewarded first in 1994 and second in 2003 and 2004 by an invitation by the Government of China to provide consulting and advisory services to the dignitairies, officiels, leaders and business people of State of Yunnan, City of Beijing, including the Vice-Mayor Mr. Liu, the City of Shanghai and the State of Dalian and the State of Guiyang.
In the United States in the mid-1990s, for Chinese dignitaries, executives and officials, I organized their commercial and business visits to the San Francisco Bay Area and provided them with consulting services and training in international business development.
Meanwhile, twenty years ago, a British organization and publisher in London asked me to conduct research on telecommunications and technological development in China.
Said E. Cherkaoui Research on China Technology and Mobile Communication Published in London, Great Britain – August 2001
In this research work, I have highlighted the direct and ambivalent relationship of the pivotal role of the Chinese state in the direct development of technology in China.
Mao Tse Tung: You are Complete Man when you Stand on this Wall
Given the way how I treated the members of the Chinese Delegation during their visits in Northern California, they insisted to have me leading the visit of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development in China. The Authorities of China were happy about my visit to China that they surprised me with an event and action I will never forget in all my life. They did not tell me anything and in early the morning, they wake me up and told me to come with them and ask me to dress warmly. They did not ask the other American Individual who was the Director of the East Bay Center for International Trade Development that I brought with me to China.
So, too many unusual cascade of new happenings are facing me here which prompt me to really think and question myself about what was going on here or taking place or where all this going to?
They rush me to a kind of Semi-Jeep – Semi-truck vehicle that we can imagine coming out directly from the ex-soviet union state members which I have seen in Eastern Germany and during the training we had with the Moroccan National and Pre-Olympic Team of Handball in Romania in the early seventies.
Normally since I arrived to China for my transportation, they used limousine or Sedan car. The sight of this kind of Jeep – SUV tank was not really giving me any other answer other that this is going to be a roll coaster ride or some kind of Safari in the East and the Middle of Asian China.
This Willys Jeep reminded me the style of the all heavy-duty metal built Willys Jeep that my father used to own following the departure of the American troops from Morocco. Beside this nice memory, during my time in China,
This Willys Jeep was almost foldable and with my Father, we have crossed many mountains and valleys around the Atlas Mountains with this unbreakable and easy to fix military square jeep.
But knowing the Chinese familiar manners, ways and means of approaches that are natural without too much protocol with hidden agenda; despite the business and consulting relationship, they remind me of the various attitudes and behaviors of the members of my own Berber / Amazigh and Native family and tribe in Morocco, which means, no question asked, you are in good hands, just take easy and go with the flow.
Africa – China: 1977 Grand Prix SciencesPo Grenoble
AFRICAFRICA
This is Africa in my analyses, publications and considerations regarding current events that I share with you and that you can consult and review and go back to my attachment to Africa still Student at SciencesPo Grenoble and having the courage and the desire to predict Africa in its own new forms of expression even if it means being directly threatened with even being expelled from this enclosure of Savoir SciencesPo in Grenoble and I was not the only one in this case, only those who were part of it escaped of the band “Beni Oui Oui” and “Oui Missiou. »
SciencesPo of Grenoble in the seventies was an institution devoid of real research content and militant political direction, it was a box for making money under the table for apprentices – teachers, with the exception of André Uzan, Dominique Valois, Pierre Rondot, and an Accounting Prof who was an expert and also of human greatness and sincere Christian belief that was also beneficial, the rest was a two-faced fabrication.
Preamble for Mr. Andre Uzan
This text was written on November 21, 2023, the day after the discovery of Mr. Andre Uzan’s account on the socio-media platform LinkedIn:
André UZAN 1st degree connection· 1st Former academic. Business creator – Managing creator of “Outilspourdiriger.fr”.
It is one of the greatest honors for me to find you here with mist in my eyes and clarity in my gratitude to you and your kind generosity that I knew up close and thanks to you I was able to continue despite all the pitfalls, the obstacles and the manipulations which have and had hindered our approach towards the acquisition of knowledge and I speak of several of my compatriots and my friends of origin like ours and this even on the part of those and those we believed to be fair, Fair Play who also claimed to be progressive and liberated left-wing thought when it was only an ideological camouflage serving their own egos and personal interests to the detriment of the rest of us who coming from horizons still splashed and tainted by several incompetences.
We wanted to learn to correct these errors of the North and these incompetences of the South, which placed us in a No man’s land zone and you were the most committed to reaching out to us when we came to see you in your office in the middle of the first floor , you were our confidant, our big brother and what’s more, the one who wished us all the best.
I’m talking about 50 years ago and time has only revealed to me the most beautiful gifts I have received in this existence. You taught us statistics and we were the first to receive the Eco-Fi diploma under your patronage and also with the support of an Accounting Professor, Dominique Valois for planning and budgeting, Pierre Rondot for the Middle East and L Islam, and a Great Gentleman who spoke to us about the 3rd Age. A Team of Prophets surrounded us and received us with the Human Respect that we grew up with and around us. Mr. Uzan, you were for us the Lighthouse in the darkness of silent and tasteless recognition and academic prejudice.
After IEP – Institute of Political Studies , I joined IREP – Institute of Economic Research and Development Planning( irep , Grenoble), U internationalization of the automobile industry, where I got my DEA which I I presented after 6 months of research and preparation and this with that of very regretted now, when we cross the world, we only encounter again our past and our memory in the sense of beatitude and gratitude of having known such unique personalities like you in our destiny. I was welcomed by Yves Barel, Ian Dessau, Pierre Judet and Jacques Freyssinet who with Debernis gave us lessons on planned development. The best part is that these thinking heads, like you, knew our past, our culture and our vision of this world through the prisms of North Africa. It was a period of the consecration of pure and honest research through scholars in the field and individuals who deserve the greatest rewards of our future and our recognition.
I can only renew my admiration and my gratitude for your work and your commitment at our side and with us during the incipient moments of knowledge and hesitant knowledge of the other, especially by those who wanted to give themselves as examples then. that we rather seek models of emancipation, identity, progress and the distribution of good for those who have the greatest need. We chose and came to Grenoble to learn the best way to pass the experience of the most educated and conscious to the masses in which we grew up and of whom we become the spokespersons and the link of their understanding of this world with the the intelligence of the other and the understanding of our fellow human beings to transmit to them a valid identity leading to the development of their resources as well as the clarification of their consciences. We were the envoys of a certain feeling and a desire to know, of knowledge to improve the living conditions of those who have not had the chance to cross horizons in the quest for knowledge.
With such a mission, we knew what we wanted to acquire and what we sought to transmit to those absent from this feast of know-how and intelligence. You were one of the niches where this knowledge and this desire to facilitate its transfer resided. On the other hand, when we faced other disruptive elements, we were accused of all the evils and all the manipulations just for the fact, that we knew better than them what we want to know and why and how we seek. precise goals in accordance with our knowledge of our own history which they wanted to teach us while we were born and having grown not only from its cradle but also that we have already compared it to others by our own progress in the consciousness of the world and through the transmission of memories of our antecedents, our ancestors and our precedents in this world.
I arrived in Grenoble not from the depths of the countryside and the depressed oases, I came to Grenoble following the footsteps and imprints of learned memory and noble conscience in thought and action.
Before coming to France following my recruitment by the Basketball Team at ASPTT Montpellier and continuing my studies at the University of Law and Economic Sciences of Montpellier, I had already undertaken a tour of the Western Europe by Auto Stop from my hometown of Mazagan – El Jadida to the north of Holland, crossing Spain from Algiers to Saint Jean de Luz and going back to Paris to reach London and Wembley where Bobby Moore received the World Cup by taking a detour to the Isle of White and heading north from Southampton and Brighton via Motorway 6 to Jacky Charleton’s Town, Manchester, staying in towns in between. Returning to France, I also crossed from Paris-Roubais without the bicycle, nor Anquetil or Guimard and Lille to pass through Antwerp (to avoid passing through Brussels where the signs existed “forbidden to dogs and Arabs” and this to reach Ultrecht in Holland, and go for a walk in Zea-land and all the main cities of Holland up to the North in Groningen. From there, I hitchhiked back to Tangier to take the train and arrive there. Casablanca to reach my birthplace at 24 Rue Jean Bart, Mazagan Morocco, with as a gift for the family, among other things, a Moulinex to make fruit juice.
Likewise, I had already been selected for the Moroccan National Basketball Team and the Pre-Olympic National Team and the Moroccan National A Team in Handball which took us on a training course in Germany and Romania for more than 2 months and this as preparation for the Qualifiers for the 1972 Munich Olympic Games – Africa Zone, the tournament of which took place in Tunis, the Capital of Tunisia.
After obtaining my Baccalaureate during the same year of 1972, I was recruited by the ASPTT of Montpellier as a starting Pivot player of the Basketball Team. At the same time, I was also the Coach of the Cadets of the ASPTT Basketball Team and Captain and Coach of the Handball Team of the Montpellier Academy. The following year I was offered a position as a player by the Munster 08 Handball Team of the Bundesligua / First Division of the German Handball Championship which I joined the following year where I had registered there. preparatory year in the Faculty of Medicine.
In this German academy in Munster, to validate foreign diplomas, the German system required validation through what was called the “Numerus Clausus:
» is a “Latin term that translates to “closed numbers”. It’s a method used to restrict the number of students who can study at a university. »
This approach required grades for courses taken at the Lycée, whereas in Morocco, the Baccalaureate system resulted in the delivery of a well-decorated diploma without any grades for either exams or courses taken during the same year. As the slowness of the educational bureaucracy at the time was at its peak and reached the heights of competence, I was obliged, in order not to lose a year, to turn back towards France by landing in Grenoble where the University was a flagship of economic thought of development and above all had a reputation for tolerance and acceptance of other cultures unparalleled in the rest of France.
Some came and told us that he smelled of alcohol and had a very red face, dark circles and eyes behind thick glasses like the bottom of Coca Cola bottles or those they had just emptied the day before, their appearance and gait dragged on the ground, and once seated it is the cloister for the entire duration of the session. This is how they drowned their sorrows for having become only those responsible for practical work could not become Associate Professors, such as Christian Paloix, Freyssinet, Dessau, Judee, Debernis knew them well and they did not blame them. not in his surroundings. As a result, this guy who revealed himself as a fierce colonialist and Extreme Right and this Jean Rosio who accused me of plagiarism while I conducted research on site in the country of my birth and at the Ministry where worked several of my acquaintances and in addition those who were members of my selections in the Moroccan National Basketball and Handball Teams and this without mentioning that the theme of the Memory that I prepared was part of my research projections that I wanted to begin at the Institute of Development Studies in Brighton, England.
This Jean Rosio, a marginal pushed and pushed towards and outside the Faculty of Economic Sciences and the IREP and the center established by DeBernis, could not integrate into any cell or research center in Grenoble. Jean Rosio was known by the African-Maghrebi Students that he was a “consistent drunkard” and they invited some to hold the bottle for him instead of being a Researcher at the level of the IREP like Christian Palloix who was more apt to place as a beacon of the development of multinationals and countries of the South under the leadership of DeBernis. Jean Rosio presented himself as a red worker but all that was really red about him was the color of Sidi Brahim and other French wines.
Most of the African-Maghrebi Students knew Jean Rosio more than well and therefore came to hide to lick his wounds and his insides and prepare his thesis which lingered more in the corridors than in the research offices in order to be able to go elsewhere. SciencesPo in Grenoble was thus a refuge for the clumsy right-wingers claiming to be left-wingers and for those left-minded who found no escape other than flirting with the Far Right since even the right in power and its compromises with the Left of Caviar and Champagne with red Roses could not trust them given their continual ideological zig-zag and reversal of position according to the color of the bottles and the sky and the bank notes changing from the French Franc where the Franchise remained in fact of account, the amount collected or deposited in the bank account.
Alain Carrignon was the greatest expression of such a slippage and academic evolution metamorphosed between activism and businessism both at the same time eaten away by ideological swings without roots purely committed or deeply cultivated and planted in becoming or improvement of the living conditions of others in Grenoble.
The common denominator of these two scourges of failures was their way of ingratiating themselves with other French students and the administration of the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, it’s like they say jumping the wall which is the lowest, and this wall was for them us Maghrebi Muslims who do not drink wine and red from where they claim to be a facade and a collage of pseudo-political labels of salons and places of pleasure as well than private enjoyment clubs.
We Sober Maghrebians with a keen awareness of our “ Simple Past ” coupled with our Colonial Historical “ Tattooed Memory ” still refreshed by a Neo-Colonial still before us on a daily basis we were in an early situation, a temporary residence permit, dismal accommodation, minimal scholarships and conditions of acceptance by the rest of society which date from the periods of towns and serfs, we were the new peasants of all the academic and social training of a region or the clashes between the masses workers and the large rentier and capitalist bourgeoisie of Grenoble and its periphery were only controlled by the contribution of labor from North Africa and Turkey – Kurd.
As a result, the “workers” parachuted to Rhone-Poulenc in fact the vast majority were my friends at “Bled” in the town of Mazagan that even General Lyautey had nicknamed “the Moroccan Deauville.” They all claimed to be from the countryside, that they knew neither how to read nor write in order to get hired through the Buro de Blassé – Placement Office in El Jadida. Several if not all were of my acquaintance through sport, studies and frequenting the same places and the same neighborhoods of residence. A whole generation of Moroccan Mazaganais – Jdidis – were thus displaced and planted in the basements of the Rhone-Poulenc Chemical Textile Factory in Echirolles, the industrial suburb of Grenoble and place of residence of the marginalized social classes pushed to outside the central town of Isère. Echirolles where the Harkis, the Portuguese, the Spanish, the Poles and the “travelers”, Manouches and Gypsies resided.
Presentation of Echirolles The commune of Échirolles (36,932 inhabitants in 2019; 786 ha; municipal site) is located just south of Grenoble.
Échirolles would have been named after the Latin scuriolus, “a place inhabited by squirrels”, here referring to wooded hills. Another possible etymology links Échirolles to léchirolle, “place planted with sedges”, here the marshy plain of the Drac river which once covered the entire municipal territory and was then dried up. Another local etymology claims that Échirolles is derived from the Latin “ex Cularo”, “outside Grenoble”. In the 13th century, the Templars established a commandery in Échirolles; they cleared and drained the district, so that Échirolles extended well beyond the hills where it was already founded. Created as a parish in 1825 by separation from Bresson, Échirolles obtained the status of commune on December 25, 1833. In 1926, the Société Nationale de la Viscose built an artificial silk factory, completed in 1927 by a workers’ housing estate, which accelerated the urban development of the town. Count Hilaire de Chardonnet (1836-1924) invented the first artificial silk thread, made from wood pulp. In 1925, Louis Chatin and Edmond Bizot founded the Société Nationale de la Viscose (SNV) for the industrial production of viscose yarn. The first rayon thread was produced at the Échirolles factory on May 7, 1927. The factory soon hired up to 1,000 workers, half of whom were women. The working environment was so harsh that most local workers refused to work there, being replaced by immigrant workers, who soon made up 90% of the workforce. The SNV was taken over in 1951 by the French Viscose Company, in 1956 by the Industrial Company of Artificial and Synthetic Textiles, and finally, in 1971, by Rhône-Poulenc. The factory was finally closed on March 2, 1989, in memory of the Viscose Museum inaugurated in 1992 (website). Source: Ivan Sache, September 17, 202
Myself and this youth in full effervescence transformed into a chemical labor mass disembarked from our “Bled” Fortaleza Mazagao the first European city built on the coast of the Atlantic by the Europeans in this case the Portuguese and which moved to the other coast of the Atlantic to locate in the Para of the Amazon like Velha and Nova Mazagao. The relief of Fortalez Mazagao remained abandoned for a certain time given the destruction caused by the Portuguese during their evacuation which had blown up a large part of the fortified city, annihilating a large part of the first arrivals on the ramparts while the Portuguese fleet was offshore. A mistake and a betrayal of the peace evacuation agreement signed by the King of Morocco and the Captain of the Portuguese Garrison. Such a feat of arms condemned the city for quite a long time with its hurtful, disturbing and “betraying” memories.
Later, when the wounds were camouflaged by time and the need to open the maritime doors of Morocco to the invading trade of Europeans henceforth flooding Africa after the end of the slave trade and its abolition as well as the independence of the countries of North and South America. In these new conditions, the countries emerging from Europe and the United States, stimulated by British liberalism and also wanting to compete with it on its own overseas maritime bases, needed to transform their direct warlike relations and conquest through the installation of trading posts and construction of ports all along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East and Asia.
Thus, Fortaleza Mazagan already present and located on European maps, the King of Morocco decided to give it a new chance and integrate it into the new circuit of commercial relations which were largely routed through Tangier, the city at the northern tip. and the nearest part of Spain and the cities under Spanish rule, Ceuta and Mellila. Thus, Fortaleza Mazagao became El Jadida, the News which, under the impetus of the presence of the consuls of the main European countries and the United States of America, was urbanized as a replica of Moroccan Deauville, a summer town with a Casino and modern buildings from the “Belle Epoque” period and most of our parents were closely or indirectly involved in international trade since Mazagan had more foreign consulates and representatives of commercial interests from the United States, United Kingdom , France, Spain and other countries, more than the capital of Morocco itself. This presence had at the same time given rise to a cultural effervescence without rival in all other Moroccan cities with the creation of the first postal service and the first post office in all of Morocco, a party hall and a municipal theater, a theater troupe, casinos. , cinemas, clubs for practicing football, basketball, handball, volleyball, sailing, rowing and water polo and swimming, fencing, judo, dance and ballet, tennis, a pétanque club, and cinema libraries, a horse racing racetrack, a car, motorcycle, bicycle racing circuit and cultural clubs and sporting activities of all individual and athletic categories. teams, including equestrian sports.
I myself was a starter in the Basketball, Handball, Football, Volleyball and Fencing teams while being a member of the Moroccan National Civilian A and Pre-Olympic Team in Handball and Selected in the Team National School and University Men’s Basketball Team, and the Men’s National A Basketball Team. This without adding that before arriving at the Grenoble Institute of Political Studies, I was already a member of the ASPTT Montpellier Baskeball Team which had recruited me from Morocco through Badredinne Hachad. At the same time, I was also Captain and coach of the University Team of the Montpellier Academy Handball Section. Subsequently, I was also recruited by the First Division Handball Team Munster O8 of the Handball Bundesliga – First Division in the German Championship.
All this sporting, social and cultural past I had realized before arriving in Montpellier first, in Munster and in Grenoble where these Pseudo-Teacher Rogues did not even know a petal of everything that I describe above as background cultural, social, economic and human in which I had formed my vision of the world and with the world and its diverse peoples.
These left-wing evaders, mistreated by their own individual excesses and deviations, remained adrift and massacred us to silence us because we know better than them and we make them understand and therefore they found no other weapon to try to Watching us that the final grade at the end of the university year was their petty and treacherous revenge.
This category of madmen I called them the Chameleons, and also the razor blade cutting left and right with sharper right ends to sacrifice all those who came from North Africa and a Muslim country. Several of my contemporaries had to abandon their studies at SciencesPo Grenoble given all the ramparts and obstacles invisible to the naked eye but disastrous and almost insurmountable for the construction of an intellectual path and the construction of an academic vision of research.
undermined by fascists invisible in broad daylight but morbid once their occult and hidden designs are shaken by concepts and beliefs stronger in the Darkness as in the clarity of thought since it conveys an irremediable movement of change for the best of Africans. I took this movement and I defended it in 1977 within the agora of Grenoble and I lost more than one year of studies, I lost a transfer to the Institute of Studies on the Development in Brighton and other peripheral advantages.
Sciences Po Grenoble in 1977-78: Right-wing Extremist Fortress and Fake Progressives
To my African Sisters and Brothers
Those who have not lived face to face with the anti-African reality to realize at their own level how it could completely ruin their lives. Hoping that my story can help them open their eyes wider While I was a young student at Sciences Po Grenoble I describe it in previous link which will allow you to read my story which undermined all the ingredients and opportunities of another future Made In Great Britain of the time but my pride in being an African and remaining one was worth all the losses that I subsequently endured like a waterfall of magma burning everything in my path. … Read more
Despite all these losses and these low blows received, I stayed the course and I kept my African dignity very great and fully fulfilled in my thoughts and in my action and nothing can take away this reason for my being. conscience and my mind beyond all other considerations. Time rewarded me in my rectitude and my desire to remain anchored in our Mother and Sister Africa, our eternal home.
So be it, in France, while I was still a student at Sciences Po in Grenoble, I formulated a project on the Development of China and I presented it as the model to imitate and follow by all these former African colonies which were shaken during the 1970s by the brutality and sudden oscillations of the international market and the weight of external debt. In the United States, in the mid-1990s, for Chinese dignitaries, executives and officials, I organized their trade and business visits to the San Francisco Bay Area and provided them with consulting and consulting services. training on international business development.
During this time, twenty years ago, a British organization and publishing house in London asked me to conduct research on telecommunications and technological development in China.
In this research work, I highlighted the direct and ambivalent relationship of the pivotal role of the Chinese State in the direct development of technology in China.
My research, like all the others that I had conducted, was directed through a projection and prediction of the effects and manifestations that could subsequently be generated and in the future of the countries or sectors which were the subjects concerned by my research.
During this period, I worked as Director of International Affairs at Sprint Corp. and as co-chair of the international committee of the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce where I had the opportunity to facilitate the visit of the vice-mayor of Beijing and a delegation of Chinese executives from Yunnan. At the same time, I taught curriculum and courses on telecommunications, digital security, and national technology development at the School of Technology at Golden Gate University in San Francisco. All these implications and interests on China and seeing that as a senior consultant with the Center for International Trade Development in Oakland and Berkeley, I was invited by the Chinese government and the provincial government of Guizhou who granted me the best of the best treatment I have ever received from any entity in this world. In fact, I am still redeveloping the same research topic on China’s technological development and intend to publish my entire work in book form. In the meantime, I offer you a glimpse of my interests in Chinese technological advances in the form of the first pages of my work published in London.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have an interest in the corresponding topics.
How did all these developments occur within and under almost the same generation of leaders in China? It all started with Paper Tiger succeeded by China Without Mao and transformed into a welcoming Panda host. According to the famous expression of Mao Zedong (1956 interview), America is just a “… Read moreWith 5 Generations and 5 Leaders China Achieves Fivefold Development
Consulting and Training Programs Developed and Conducted by Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui Dr. Said El Mansour Cherkaoui in China A Moroccan invited by the Government of China to strategically plan and increase the opportunities for the international trade relations of Chinese Provinces Chinese government to strategically plan and increase opportunities for international trade relations in Chinese provinces WITH 5 GENERATIONS AND 5 LEADERS CHINA ACHIEVES A QUINTUPLE DEVELOPMENT Mohammed VI and the Future of Morocco – Maroc Croissance Afrique October 2, 2021 Kingdom of Morocco 20 years of Reign Royal Revaluation… Read more Morocco Asia – China
The Academic Price I Paid for Defending China’s Development as a Model for African Economies
The Academic Price I Paid Defending China Development as a Model for African Economies
Published on September 4, 2015 – French & English Version
1 – CHINA – 2 – CHINA:
China marks 70th V-Day anniversary with spectacular parade
Celebrating the 70th anniversary of Japan’s capitulation in WWII, China has showcased hundreds…. Read more
Pour le premier massacreur des vrais penseurs venant d’une autre culture, voila son récit qui est le mien que je vous présentes dans ce lien de mon destin a Sciences Po Grenoble :
Prix de la Défense du Modèle de Développement Chinois a SciencesPo de Grenoble March 5, 2023 Said El Mansour Cherkaoui https://lnkd.in/gMusUuun
Le second Camouflé comme de Gauche mais aussi Un second de l’Extrême Droite:
Diplôme de Sciences Po Grenoble de Second Cycle Section Eco-Fi – Mémoire de Diplôme: Intervention de l’Etat dans l’Industrie: Le Cas d’Etude de l’Industrie Textile au Maroc.
Comme Encadreur: un Rejeté qui ne connaissait du Maroc et qui a débarqué a SciencesPo vu que Gérard Destanne de Bernis l’avait rejeté de la Fac Sciences Eco vu qui Destanne préférait un plus doué en la personne de Christian Palloix.
Ce rejeté nommé Jean Rosio ne pouvait trouver meilleur que de s’allier a une silencieuse qui allait avec le vent: Danielle Demoustier.
Ce fut durant la periode ou les Maghrebins tout confondus n’etaient pas les bienvenus a SciencesPo Grenoble, surtout celles et ceux qui tenaient tete a ces faux – fuyants de penseurs de gauche alors que leur portefeuille penchent vers l’extrême droite. Elles / Ils avaient peur que l’on prenait leurs idées déformées ou leurs places usurpées et donc étaient tellement radins en notes qu’aucun Maghrébine Révolutionnaire n’est sorti avec des notes supérieures et des mentions élevées.
Il fallait se soûler la gueule pour leur faire plaisir comme je ne consommais point d’alcool, j’étais toujours sur la touche gauche de leur jeu et leur manigance et je n’étais pas le seul dans ce cas.
